Question

我正在编写一个工具，它将检查网络中工作站的运行状况，并根据发现的问题进行修复。我想创建一个日志文件，因为应用程序正在运行每台计算机上的任务/检查。我只想暂时让它在一台机器上工作，但是它会一次扫描100多台机器（螺纹输出）。

创建日志文件的最佳方法是什么？

我在考虑使用List<string>在内存中构建日志文件，然后在文件结束后将其输出到文件中。

我只是觉得可能有更好的方法吗？

Answer 1

我建议log4net。

您需要多个日志文件。所以多个文件追加器。另外，您可以动态创建文件追加器。

示例代码：

using log4net;
using log4net.Appender;
using log4net.Layout;
using log4net.Repository.Hierarchy;

// Set the level for a named logger
public static void SetLevel(string loggerName, string levelName)
{
    ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(loggerName);
    Logger l = (Logger)log.Logger;

    l.Level = l.Hierarchy.LevelMap[levelName];
    }

// Add an appender to a logger
public static void AddAppender(string loggerName, IAppender appender)
{
    ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(loggerName);
    Logger l = (Logger)log.Logger;

    l.AddAppender(appender);
}

// Create a new file appender
public static IAppender CreateFileAppender(string name, string fileName)
{
    FileAppender appender = new
        FileAppender();
    appender.Name = name;
    appender.File = fileName;
    appender.AppendToFile = true;

    PatternLayout layout = new PatternLayout();
    layout.ConversionPattern = "%d [%t] %-5p %c [%x] - %m%n";
    layout.ActivateOptions();

    appender.Layout = layout;
    appender.ActivateOptions();

    return appender;
}

// In order to set the level for a logger and add an appender reference you
// can then use the following calls:
SetLevel("Log4net.MainForm", "ALL");
AddAppender("Log4net.MainForm", CreateFileAppender("appenderName", "fileName.log"));

// repeat as desired

来源/好链接：

Log4Net: Programmatically specify multiple loggers (with multiple file appenders)

Adding appenders programmatically

How to configure log4net programmatically from scratch (no config)

另外，log4net也允许写入事件日志。一切都是基于配置的，配置也可以在运行时从xml动态加载。

编辑2：

即时切换日志文件的一种方法： Log4Net配置文件支持环境变量：

Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("log4netFileName", "MyApp.log");

并在log4net config中：

<param name="File" value="${log4netFileName}".log/>

Answer 2

我不会使用第三方库，我会登录到xml文件。

这是一个从不同线程记录到xml文件的代码示例：

private static readonly object Locker = new object();
private static XmlDocument _doc = new XmlDocument();

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    if (File.Exists("logs.txt"))
        _doc.Load("logs.txt");
    else
    {
        var root = _doc.CreateElement("hosts");
        _doc.AppendChild(root);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
    {
        new Thread(new ThreadStart(DoSomeWork)).Start();
    }
}

static void DoSomeWork()
{
    /*
     * Here you will build log messages
     */
    Log("192.168.1.15", "alive");
}

static void Log(string hostname, string state)
{
    lock (Locker)
    {
        var el = (XmlElement)_doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(_doc.CreateElement("host"));
        el.SetAttribute("Hostname", hostname);
        el.AppendChild(_doc.CreateElement("State")).InnerText = state;
        _doc.Save("logs.txt");
    }
}

Answer 3

您可能想要使用事件日志！以下是如何从C＃访问它 http://support.microsoft.com/kb/307024/en

但无论你要使用哪种方法，我建议每次将某些内容附加到日志而不是进程退出时输出到文件，这样你就不会在崩溃或丢失时丢失数据如果你的进程被杀死了。

Answer 4

使用Nlog http://nlog-project.org/。它是免费的，允许写入文件，数据库，事件日志和其他20多个目标。另一个日志框架是log4net - http://logging.apache.org/log4net/（从java Log4j项目移植）。它也是免费的。

最佳做法是使用常见日志记录 - http://commons.apache.org/logging/ 因此，您可以稍后将NLog或log4net更改为其他日志框架。

Answer 5

我们对日志记录进行了大量研究，并认为NLog是最好用的。

请参阅http://nlog-project.org/

另见log4net vs. Nlog 和http://www.dotnetlogging.com/comparison/

Answer 6

您可以使用Apache log4net library：

using System;
using log4net;
using log4net.Config;


public class MyApp
{
    // Define a static logger variable so that it references the
    // Logger instance named "MyApp".
    private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MyApp));
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        XmlConfigurator.Configure(new System.IO.FileInfo(@"..\..\resources\log4net.config"));
        log.Info("Entering application.");
        Console.WriteLine("starting.........");
        log.Info("Entering application.");
        log.Error("Exiting application.");
        Console.WriteLine("starting.........");
    }
}

Answer 7

添加此配置文件

*************************************************************************************
<!--Configuration for file appender-->

<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" />
  </configSections>
  <log4net>
    <appender name="FileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender">
      <file value="logfile.txt" />
      <appendToFile value="true" />
      <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
        <conversionPattern value="%d [%t] %-5p [%logger] - %m%n" />
      </layout>
    </appender>
    <root>
      <level value="DEBUG" />
      <appender-ref ref="FileAppender" />
    </root>
  </log4net>
</configuration>

*************************************************************************************

<!--Configuration for console appender-->


<configuration>

  <configSections>
    <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,
        log4net" />
  </configSections>

  <log4net>
    <appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender" >
      <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
        <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%t] %-5p [%logger] - %m%n" />
      </layout>
    </appender>
   <root>
      <level value="ALL" />
      <appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" />
    </root>
  </log4net>
</configuration>

Answer 8

您也可以查看内置的.NET跟踪工具。有一组跟踪侦听器允许您输出到日志文件，但您可以将其配置为登录事件查看器或数据库（或同时所有数据库）。

http://www.codeguru.com/csharp/.net/net_debugging/tracing/article.php/c5919/NET-Tracing-Tutorial.htm

Answer 9

您可以使用http://logging.apache.org/库并使用数据库追加器一起收集所有日志信息。

Answer 10

我正在使用线程安全静态类。主要思想是将消息排在列表中，然后在每个时间段或每个计数器限制中保存到日志文件。

重要提示：退出程序时应强制保存文件（DirectLog.SaveToFile();）。（如果列表中仍有一些项目）

使用非常简单：DirectLog.Log("MyLogMessage", 5);

这是我的代码：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Mendi
{

    /// <summary>
    /// class used for logging misc information to log file
    /// written by Mendi Barel
    /// </summary>
    static class DirectLog
    {
        readonly static int SAVE_PERIOD = 10 * 1000;// period=10 seconds
        readonly static int SAVE_COUNTER = 1000;// save after 1000 messages
        readonly static int MIN_IMPORTANCE = 0;// log only messages with importance value >=MIN_IMPORTANCE

        readonly static string DIR_LOG_FILES = @"z:\MyFolder\";

        static string _filename = DIR_LOG_FILES + @"Log." + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyMMdd.HHmm") + @".txt";

        readonly static List<string> _list_log = new List<string>();
        readonly static object _locker = new object();
        static int _counter = 0;
        static DateTime _last_save = DateTime.Now;

        public static void NewFile()
        {//new file is created because filename changed
            SaveToFile();
            lock (_locker)
            {

                _filename = DIR_LOG_FILES + @"Log." + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyMMdd.HHmm") + @".txt";
                _counter = 0;
            }
        }
        public static void Log(string LogMessage, int Importance)
        {
            if (Importance < MIN_IMPORTANCE) return;
            lock (_locker)
            {
                _list_log.Add(String.Format("{0:HH:mm:ss.ffff},{1},{2}", DateTime.Now, LogMessage, Importance));
                _counter++;
            }
            TimeSpan timeDiff = DateTime.Now - _last_save;

            if (_counter > SAVE_COUNTER || timeDiff.TotalMilliseconds > SAVE_PERIOD)
                SaveToFile();
        }

        public static void SaveToFile()
        {
            lock (_locker)
                if (_list_log.Count == 0)
                {
                    _last_save = _last_save = DateTime.Now;
                    return;
                }
            lock (_locker)
            {
                using (StreamWriter logfile = File.AppendText(_filename))
                {

                    foreach (string s in _list_log) logfile.WriteLine(s);
                    logfile.Flush();
                    logfile.Close();
                }

                _list_log.Clear();
                _counter = 0;
                _last_save = DateTime.Now;
            }
        }


        public static void ReadLog(string logfile)
        {
            using (StreamReader r = File.OpenText(logfile))
            {
                string line;
                while ((line = r.ReadLine()) != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(line);
                }
                r.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 11

我在GitHub上找到了来自SimpleLogger的heiswayi。

Answer 12

我没有使用外部库log4net，而是创建了自己的简单类，高度可定制且易于使用（使用所需的名称空间编辑YOURNAMESPACEHERE）。

控制台应用程序

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace YOURNAMESPACEHERE
{
    enum LogEvent
    {
        Info = 0,
        Success = 1,
        Warning = 2,
        Error = 3
    }

    internal static class Log
    {
        private static readonly string LogSession = DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime().ToString("ddMMyyyy_HHmmss");
        private static readonly string LogPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "logs";

        internal static void Write(LogEvent Level, string Message, bool ShowConsole = true, bool WritelogFile = true)
        {
            string Event = string.Empty;
            ConsoleColor ColorEvent = Console.ForegroundColor;

            switch (Level)
            {
                case LogEvent.Info:
                    Event = "INFO";
                    ColorEvent = ConsoleColor.White;
                    break;
                case LogEvent.Success:
                    Event = "SUCCESS";
                    ColorEvent = ConsoleColor.Green;
                    break;
                case LogEvent.Warning:
                    Event = "WARNING";
                    ColorEvent = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
                    break;
                case LogEvent.Error:
                    Event = "ERROR";
                    ColorEvent = ConsoleColor.Red;
                    break;
            }

            if (ShowConsole)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ColorEvent;
                Console.WriteLine(" [{0}] => {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Message);
                Console.ResetColor();
            }

            if (WritelogFile)
            {
                if (!Directory.Exists(LogPath))
                    Directory.CreateDirectory(LogPath);

                File.AppendAllText(LogPath + @"\" + LogSession + ".log", string.Format("[{0}] => {1}: {2}\n", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Event, Message));
            }
        }
    }
}

没有控制台应用程序（仅日志）

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace YOURNAMESPACEHERE
{
    enum LogEvent
    {
        Info = 0,
        Success = 1,
        Warning = 2,
        Error = 3
    }

internal static class Log
{
    private static readonly string LogSession = DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime().ToString("ddMMyyyy_HHmmss");
    private static readonly string LogPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "logs";

    internal static void Write(LogEvent Level, string Message)
    {
        string Event = string.Empty;

        switch (Level)
        {
            case LogEvent.Info:
                Event = "INFO";
                break;
            case LogEvent.Success:
                Event = "SUCCESS";
                break;
            case LogEvent.Warning:
                Event = "WARNING";
                break;
            case LogEvent.Error:
                Event = "ERROR";
                break;
        }

        if (!Directory.Exists(LogPath))
            Directory.CreateDirectory(LogPath);

        File.AppendAllText(LogPath + @"\" + LogSession + ".log", string.Format("[{0}] => {1}: {2}\n", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Event, Message));
    }
}

用法：

控制台应用程序

Log.Write(LogEvent.Info, "Test message"); // It will print an info in your console, also will save a copy of this print in a .log file.
Log.Write(LogEvent.Warning, "Test message", false); // It will save the print as warning only in your .log file.
Log.Write(LogEvent.Error, "Test message", true, false); // It will print an error only in your console.

没有控制台应用程序（仅日志）

Log.Write(LogEvent.Info, "Test message"); // It will print an info in your .log file.

c＃创建日志文件的最佳方法

12 个答案: