使用PHP或RegExp（或两者），如何匹配一系列IP地址？
10.210.12.12
10.253.12.12
10.210.12.254
10.210.12.95
10.210.12.60
10.210.12.0/24
10.210.12.0/16
10.210.*.*
10.*.*.*
我知道我可以这样做：
?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)
...但不考虑范围。它只是让你匹配一个传入号码，看看它是否是每个八位位组为0-255的IP地址。
修改
我在php.net上的ip2long函数的评论中找到了这个函数。
function ip_in_network($ip, $net_addr, $net_mask){
if($net_mask <= 0){ return false; }
$ip_binary_string = sprintf("%032b",ip2long($ip));
$net_binary_string = sprintf("%032b",ip2long($net_addr));
return (substr_compare($ip_binary_string,$net_binary_string,0,$net_mask) === 0);
}
ip_in_network("192.168.2.1","192.168.2.0",24); //true
ip_in_network("192.168.6.93","192.168.0.0",16); //true
ip_in_network("1.6.6.6","128.168.2.0",1); //false
它短而甜，但与星号情况不符。我也不知道它是否完全准确，因为当我认为它是假的时候，它会返回一个真实的结果：
echo ip_in_network("192.168.2.1","192.167.0.0",1);
......但也许我误解了/ 1会是什么。也许我需要使用/ 24。
答案 0 :(得分：9)
我改编了一个来自php.net的答案并且做得更好。
function netMatch($network, $ip) {
$network=trim($network);
$orig_network = $network;
$ip = trim($ip);
if ($ip == $network) {
echo "used network ($network) for ($ip)\n";
return TRUE;
}
$network = str_replace(' ', '', $network);
if (strpos($network, '*') !== FALSE) {
if (strpos($network, '/') !== FALSE) {
$asParts = explode('/', $network);
$network = @ $asParts[0];
}
$nCount = substr_count($network, '*');
$network = str_replace('*', '0', $network);
if ($nCount == 1) {
$network .= '/24';
} else if ($nCount == 2) {
$network .= '/16';
} else if ($nCount == 3) {
$network .= '/8';
} else if ($nCount > 3) {
return TRUE; // if *.*.*.*, then all, so matched
}
}
echo "from original network($orig_network), used network ($network) for ($ip)\n";
$d = strpos($network, '-');
if ($d === FALSE) {
$ip_arr = explode('/', $network);
if (!preg_match("@\d*\.\d*\.\d*\.\d*@", $ip_arr[0], $matches)){
$ip_arr[0].=".0"; // Alternate form 194.1.4/24
}
$network_long = ip2long($ip_arr[0]);
$x = ip2long($ip_arr[1]);
$mask = long2ip($x) == $ip_arr[1] ? $x : (0xffffffff << (32 - $ip_arr[1]));
$ip_long = ip2long($ip);
return ($ip_long & $mask) == ($network_long & $mask);
} else {
$from = trim(ip2long(substr($network, 0, $d)));
$to = trim(ip2long(substr($network, $d+1)));
$ip = ip2long($ip);
return ($ip>=$from and $ip<=$to);
}
}
function ech($b) {
if ($b) {
echo "MATCHED\n";
} else {
echo "DID NOT MATCH\n";
}
}
echo "CLASS A TESTS\n";
ech(netMatch('10.168.1.0-10.168.1.100', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.168.*.*', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.168.0.0/16', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.169.1.0/24', '10.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('10.168.1.90', '10.168.1.90'));
echo "\nCLASS B TESTS\n";
ech(netMatch('130.168.1.0-130.168.1.100', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.168.*.*', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.168.0.0/16', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.169.1.0/24', '130.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('130.168.1.90', '130.168.1.90'));
echo "\nCLASS C TESTS\n";
ech(netMatch('192.168.1.0-192.168.1.100', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.168.*.*', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.168.0.0/16', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.169.1.0/24', '192.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('192.168.1.90', '192.168.1.90'));
echo "\nCLASS D TESTS\n";
ech(netMatch('230.168.1.0-230.168.1.100', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.168.*.*', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.168.0.0/16', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.169.1.0/24', '230.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('230.168.1.90', '230.168.1.90'));
echo "\nCLASS E TESTS\n";
ech(netMatch('250.168.1.0-250.168.1.100', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.168.*.*', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.168.0.0/16', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.169.1.0/24', '250.168.1.90'));
ech(netMatch('250.168.1.90', '250.168.1.90'));
结果如下：
CLASS A TESTS
from orig network (10.168.1.0-10.168.1.100) used network (10.168.1.0-10.168.1.100) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (10.168.*.*) used network (10.168.0.0/16) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (10.168.0.0/16) used network (10.168.0.0/16) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (10.169.1.0/24) used network (10.169.1.0/24) for (10.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (10.168.1.90) for (10.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS B TESTS
from orig network (130.168.1.0-130.168.1.100) used network (130.168.1.0-130.168.1.100) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (130.168.*.*) used network (130.168.0.0/16) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (130.168.0.0/16) used network (130.168.0.0/16) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (130.169.1.0/24) used network (130.169.1.0/24) for (130.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (130.168.1.90) for (130.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS C TESTS
from orig network (192.168.1.0-192.168.1.100) used network (192.168.1.0-192.168.1.100) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (192.168.*.*) used network (192.168.0.0/16) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (192.168.0.0/16) used network (192.168.0.0/16) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (192.169.1.0/24) used network (192.169.1.0/24) for (192.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (192.168.1.90) for (192.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS D TESTS
from orig network (230.168.1.0-230.168.1.100) used network (230.168.1.0-230.168.1.100) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (230.168.*.*) used network (230.168.0.0/16) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (230.168.0.0/16) used network (230.168.0.0/16) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (230.169.1.0/24) used network (230.169.1.0/24) for (230.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (230.168.1.90) for (230.168.1.90)
MATCHED
CLASS E TESTS
from orig network (250.168.1.0-250.168.1.100) used network (250.168.1.0-250.168.1.100) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (250.168.*.*) used network (250.168.0.0/16) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (250.168.0.0/16) used network (250.168.0.0/16) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
from orig network (250.169.1.0/24) used network (250.169.1.0/24) for (250.168.1.90)
DID NOT MATCH
used network (250.168.1.90) for (250.168.1.90)
MATCHED
答案 1 :(得分：5)
我对上面的例子进行了改进（我有一个/ 29的网络掩码，所以它不起作用）。
function check_netmask($mask, $ip) {
@list($net, $bits) = explode('/', $mask);
$bits = isset($bits) ? $bits : 32;
$bitmask = -pow(2, 32-$bits) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF;
$netmask = ip2long($net) & $bitmask;
$ip_bits = ip2long($ip) & $bitmask;
return (($netmask ^ $ip_bits) == 0);
}
如果你想看到它的实际效果，请添加：
print("IP Bits: " . str_pad(decbin(ip2long($ip)), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "\n";
print("Bitmask: " . str_pad(decbin($bitmask), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "\n";
print("Netmask: " . str_pad(decbin($netmask), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "\n";
print("Match: " . str_pad(decbin($netmask ^ $ip_bits), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT));
print "\n";
使用以下内容运行它：
print var_dump(check_netmask($argv[1], $argv[2]));
答案 2 :(得分：4)
转换为32位无符号并使用布尔/按位运算。
例如，将192.168.25.1转换为0xC0A81901。
然后，您可以通过转换掩码的点分十进制部分（即0xC0A81900）并创建24位掩码（即0xFFFFFF00）来查看它是否与掩码192.168.25 / 24匹配。
在有问题的地址和掩码之间执行按位AND，并与掩码规范的点分十进制部分进行比较。例如，
0xC0A81901 AND 0xFFFFFF00 ==> 0xC0A81900 (result)
compare 0xC0A81900 (result) to 0xC0A81900.
我不知道PHP，但谷歌告诉我PHP有inet_pton（），这是我在C中用来执行从点分十进制到n位无符号的转换。见http://php.net/manual/en/function.inet-pton.php
答案 3 :(得分：2)
使用此库：https://github.com/S1lentium/IPTools
//Check if IP is within Range:
echo Range::parse('192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254')->contains(new IP('192.168.1.5')); // true
echo Range::parse('::1-::ffff')->contains(new IP('::1234')); // true
答案 4 :(得分：1)
正则表达式听起来不像是处理子网掩码的正确工具（至少不是十进制）。它可以做到，但它会很难看。
我强烈建议将字符串解析为4个整数，组合为32位int，然后使用标准的按位运算（基本上是按位-AND，然后进行比较）。
答案 5 :(得分：-2)
使用strpos将它们匹配为字符串。
<?php
$ips = array();
$ips[0] = "10.210.12.12";
$ips[1] = "10.253.12.12";
$ips[2] = "10.210.12.254";
$ips[3] = "10.210.12.95";
$ips[4] = "10.210.12.60";
$matches = array();
foreach($ips as $ip){
if(strpos($ip, "10.253.") === 0){
$matches[] = $ip;
}
}
print_r($matches);
?>