git staging并在多个分支之间提交

时间:2012-05-11 16:55:56

标签: git branch

我显然根本不理解git。这就是我得到的:

git branch  (outputs that I'm on master)
git checkout -b foo
echo "next line" >> file (file is an existing file)
git add file (stages)
git checkout master
git status (shows that file has "next line" and is staged!!)
git commit (commits the changes that were staged on branch foo!!)
git checkout foo

这是踢球者。 foo现在不显示对工作目录中的文件所做的任何更改或暂存。

所以看起来 - 你所做的任何更改,包括修改文件和升级,都发生在所有分支上。当您COMMIT到特定分支时,除了您提交的分支之外的所有其他分支上将丢弃这些更改。

这实际上是怎么回事?有人能让这对我有意义吗?这听起来像是完全棘手的行为,很明显我没有得到让这件事变得明智的设计理念。

编辑显式示例:

$ mkdir element
$ cd element
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/dan/element/.git/
$ echo "one" >> one
$ git add one
$ git commit -m msg
[master (root-commit) 36dc8b0] msg
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 one
$ git checkout -b fire
Switched to a new branch 'fire'
$ echo "next line" >> one
$ git checkout master
M       one
Switched to branch 'master'
$ cat one
one
next line
$

这与git pro书明显矛盾:

This is an important point to remember: Git resets your working directory to look like the snapshot of the commit that the branch you check out points to. It adds, removes, and modifies files automatically to make sure your working copy is what the branch looked like on your last commit to it.

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

当您添加文件时,只有当您提交时,您所在的分支并不重要。所以,如果你这样做:

git add file
git checkout master
git commit

您已将文件提交到主分支。

这是一个完整的例子,带有输出。我们从一个新的存储库开始:

$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/lars/tmp/so/repo/.git/

此时,我们在master分支上,我们尚未添加任何文件。我们添加一个文件:

$ date > file1
$ cat file1
Fri May 11 13:05:59 EDT 2012
$ git add file1
$ git commit -m 'added a file'
[master (root-commit) b0764b9] added a file
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 file1

太好了,我们现在有一个分支(master),只有一个提交。让我们创建一个新的分支:

$ git checkout -b foo
Switched to a new branch 'foo'
$ git branch
* foo
  master
$ ls
file1

现在我们将向file1添加一行。

$ date >> file1
$ git status
# On branch foo
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#       modified:   file1
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

这表明该文件已被修改,但尚未暂存。让我们暂存文件并提交它:

$ git add file1
$ git commit -m 'made a change'
[foo 761bed9] made a change
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

重新运行git status

$ git status
# On branch foo
nothing to commit (working directory clean)

此时,文件如下所示:

Fri May 11 13:05:59 EDT 2012
Fri May 11 13:07:36 EDT 2012

如果我们切换回master分支,我们会看到没有第二行的文件的早期版本:

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
$ cat file1
Fri May 11 13:05:59 EDT 2012

对文件的更改将与提交它们的分支隔离。

在您更新的示例中,这...

$ git checkout master

...不会生成错误,因为此时masterfire中的“one”版本相同。工作目录中的更改同样适用于任一版本。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

临时区域也称索引对所有分支都是通用的,这解释了您的观察