什么是bash中的`which`的cmd / powershell等价物?

时间:2012-06-13 06:51:51

标签: powershell cmd which

我想知道CMD shell使用哪个版本的可执行文件。在任何unix shell中,我都会使用which来查找它。

其中一个Windows shell中是否有等效的命令?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:65)

各种

  1. where是直接等效的:

    C:\Users\Joey>where cmd
    C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
    

    请注意,在PowerShell中where本身是Where-Object的别名,因此您需要在PowerShell中使用where.exe

  2. cmd中,您还可以使用for

    C:\Users\Joey>for %x in (powershell.exe) do @echo %~$PATH:x
    C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
    
  3. 在PowerShell中,您有Get-Command及其别名gcm,如果您传递参数(但也适用于PowerShell中的别名,cmdlet和函数),它们也会这样做:

    PS C:\Users\Joey> Get-Command where
    
    CommandType     Name          Definition
    -----------     ----          ----------
    Alias           where         Where-Object
    Application     where.exe     C:\Windows\system32\where.exe
    

    第一个返回的命令是将要执行的命令。

答案 1 :(得分:4)

WHERE命令与unix which不完全相同,因为它列出了当前目录或PATH中找到的所有匹配文件。正如乔伊所说,列出的第一个是执行的那个。创建一个只返回第一个找到的批处理脚本很简单。

@echo off
for /f "delims=" %%F in ('where %1') do (
  echo %%F
  exit /b
)

但是WHERE相对较慢。

下面是一个更快且更多的WHICH.BAT脚本。它使用广泛的延迟扩展切换,因为:1)如果有不带引号的特殊字符,扩展%PATH%是不可靠的。 2)启用延迟扩展时扩展FOR变量会破坏包含!的值。

::WHICH.BAT  CommandName  [ReturnVar]
::
::  Determines the full path of the file that would execute if
::  CommandName were executed.
::
::  The result is stored in variable ReturnVar, or else it is
::  echoed to stdout if ReturnVar is not specified.
::
::  If no file is found, then an error message is echoed to stderr.
::
::  The ERRORLEVEL is set to one of the following values
::    0 - Success: A matching file was found
::    1 - CommandName is an internal command
::    2 - No file was found and CommandName is not an internal command
::    3 - Improper syntax - no CommandName specified
::
@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion

set "file=%~1"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion

if not defined file (
  >&2 echo Syntax error: No CommandName specified
  exit /b 3
)


:: test for internal command
echo(!file!|findstr /i "[^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz]" >nul || (
  set "empty=!temp!\emptyFolder"
  md "!empty!" 2>nul
  del /q "!empty!\*" 2>nul >nul
  setlocal
  pushd "!empty!"
  set path=
  (call )
  !file! /? >nul 2>nul
  if not errorlevel 9009 (
    >&2 echo "!file!" is an internal command
    popd
    exit /b 1
  )
  popd
  endlocal
)


:: test for external command
set "noExt="
if "%~x1" neq "" if "!PATHEXT:%~x1=!" neq "!PATHEXT!" set noExt="";
set "modpath=.\;!PATH!"
@for %%E in (%noExt%%PATHEXT%) do @for %%F in ("!file!%%~E") do (
  setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
  if not "%%~$modpath:F"=="" if not exist "%%~$modpath:F\" (
    endlocal & endlocal & endlocal
    if "%~2"=="" (echo %%~$modpath:F) else set "%~2=%%~$modpath:F"
    exit /b 0
  )
  endlocal
)
endlocal


>&2 echo "%~1" is not a valid command
exit /b 2

<强>更新

我必须对上面的脚本进行重大修改,因为如果在PATH中某处存在一个具有相同根名称的exe文件,它会错误地将内部命令列为外部命令。

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