John Resig的简单类模式的静态变量?

时间:2012-06-23 20:38:53

标签: javascript design-patterns

我指的是this article

在其中,他定义了一个看起来像这样的函数:

function makeClass() {
    return function _class() {
        if(this instanceof _class) {
            if(typeof this.init === 'function') {
                this.init.apply(this, arguments);
            }
        } else {
            throw new Error('Constructor called as a function');
        }
    };
}

然后你可以用这样的东西:

var MyClass = makeClass();

MyClass.prototype = {
    init: function(width, height) { ... },
    clear: function(ctx) {... },
    draw: function(ctx) { ... }
}

但是现在我想初始化一些应该在所有实例中共享的静态变量。我该怎么做?

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

嗯,最简单的方法是将静态变量定义为原型属性:

MyClass.prototype.xxx: 3, // ...
var t1 = new MyClass();
console.log(t1.xxx); // 3

...但它通常不会像其他语言那样表现为静态属性:

var t2 = new MyClass();
t2.xxx = 5;
console.log(t1.xxx); // still 3 :(

另一种方法是使用属性也可以附加到函数的事实:

MyClass.xxx = 3;

...但这缩小了我们使用此属性的方式(前面的示例中t1.xxx无法调用它。)

但还有另一种方式。可以将静态属性定义为变量,将init方法置于本地,可通过方法访问,也可以在此init方法中定义.... )像这样。

   init: function() {
      var xxx = 3;
      MyClass.prototype.getXXX = function() {
         return xxx;
      };
      MyClass.prototype.setXXX = function(newXXX) {
         xxx = newXXX;
      }
   }

然后所有人都可以使用这个属性:

  var t1 = new MyClass();
  var t2 = new MyClass();
  console.log(t1.getXXX()); // 3
  console.log(t2.getXXX()); // 3
  t1.setXXX(5);
  console.log(t1.getXXX()); // 5 now
  console.log(t2.getXXX()); // 5 as well, behold the power of closures!

这里使用了a fiddle

更新:我想,当我们需要使用静态类数据的(某种)容器时,可以更好地使用这种方法,即所有对象共享 - 但我们并不确切知道实际上可以存储在这个容器中。然后我们只使用两个函数 - getStaticsetStatic - 来按字符串键或其他标识符存储和检索数据。它可能看起来有点令人困惑,但它确实值得努力。 )

答案 1 :(得分:2)

只需将其添加到MyClass本身。

MyClass.myVariable = 42;

它在Java / C#意义上并不是静态的,但会给你带来同样的效果。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

如果您不关心浏览器支持,您还可以使用WeakMap构造函数/静态属性对。这是一个想法:http://jsfiddle.net/DfNNU/2/。这需要MyClass.prototype.constructor不应该丢弃。因此,您需要将constructor: MyClass添加回原型。

var statics = (function() {
    var map = new WeakMap;
    return function(inst) {
        var ctor = inst.constructor;
        return map.get(ctor) || map.set(ctor, {});
    };
})();

使用它像:

var a = function() {};
var b = function() {};

var inst1 = new a;
var inst2 = new a;
var inst3 = new b;

statics(inst1).foo = 123;
statics(inst3).foo = 456;

console.log( statics(inst1).foo );  // 123
console.log( statics(inst2).foo );  // 123
console.log( statics(inst3).foo );  // 456

答案 3 :(得分:1)

我"解决了#34;通过使用命名约定来解决这个问题。

我希望Class.extend({ })语法方便,但也是一种声明"静态"其中的属性。

我选择了一个领先的下划线来声明一个静态属性,尽管你可以做任何你喜欢的事情。

用法:

var myClass = Class.extend({

    _staticProperty: 1337

    , instanceProperty: 'foo'
    , instanceMethod: function() { }

    , ctor: function() {
        this.base();
    }
});

请注意,我已从原始代码重命名为initthis._super()

代码:

/* Simple JavaScript Inheritance
 * Modified by Andrew Bullock http://blog.muonlab.com to add static properties
 * By John Resig http://ejohn.org/
 * MIT Licensed.
 */
// Inspired by base2 and Prototype
(function () {
    var initializing = false, fnTest = /xyz/.test(function () { xyz; }) ? /\bbase\b/ : /.*/;

    // The base Class implementation (does nothing)
    this.Class = function () { };

    // Create a new Class that inherits from this class
    Class.extend = function (prop) {
        var base = this.prototype;

        // Instantiate a base class (but only create the instance,
        // don't run the init constructor)
        initializing = true;
        var prototype = new this();
        initializing = false;

        // The dummy class constructor
        function Class() {
            // All construction is actually done in the ctor method
            if (!initializing && this.ctor)
                this.ctor.apply(this, arguments);
        }

        // Copy static properties from base
        for (var name in this) {
            if (name.substr(0, 1) == '_')
                Class[name] = this[name];
        }

        // Copy the properties over onto the new prototype
        for (name in prop) {
            // Check if we're overwriting an existing function
            if (typeof prop[name] == "function" && typeof base[name] == "function" && fnTest.test(prop[name])) {
                prototype[name] = (function(name, fn) {
                    return function() {
                        var tmp = this.base;

                        // Add a new .base() method that is the same method
                        // but on the super-class
                        this.base = base[name];

                        // The method only need to be bound temporarily, so we
                        // remove it when we're done executing
                        var ret = fn.apply(this, arguments);
                        this.base = tmp;

                        return ret;
                    };
                })(name, prop[name]);
            } else if (name.substr(0, 1) == '_') {
                Class[name] = prop[name];
            } else {
                prototype[name] = prop[name];
            }
        }

        // Populate our constructed prototype object
        Class.prototype = prototype;

        // Enforce the constructor to be what we expect
        Class.prototype.constructor = Class;

        // And make this class extendable
        Class.extend = arguments.callee;

        return Class;
    };
})();

答案 4 :(得分:0)

我修改了John Resig的类,以便将父级静态成员的副本提供给新类,后者添加了这个:

    for (var name in this) {
        if (!Class[name]) {
            Class[name] = this[name];
        }
    }

这是fiddle

// This is a modified version of John Resig's simple inheritence class to add copying of static methods
// The new code is the for loop commented with "add in the static members"

/* Simple JavaScript Inheritance
 * By John Resig http://ejohn.org/
 * MIT Licensed.
 */
// Inspired by base2 and Prototype
(function(){
  var initializing = false, fnTest = /xyz/.test(function(){xyz;}) ? /\b_super\b/ : /.*/;
 
  // The base Class implementation (does nothing)
  this.Class = function(){};
 
  // Create a new Class that inherits from this class
  Class.extend = function(prop) {
    var _super = this.prototype;
   
    // Instantiate a base class (but only create the instance,
    // don't run the init constructor)
    initializing = true;
    var prototype = new this();
    initializing = false;
   
    // Copy the properties over onto the new prototype
    for (var name in prop) {
      // Check if we're overwriting an existing function
      prototype[name] = typeof prop[name] == "function" &&
        typeof _super[name] == "function" && fnTest.test(prop[name]) ?
        (function(name, fn){
          return function() {
            var tmp = this._super;
           
            // Add a new ._super() method that is the same method
            // but on the super-class
            this._super = _super[name];
           
            // The method only need to be bound temporarily, so we
            // remove it when we're done executing
            var ret = fn.apply(this, arguments);        
            this._super = tmp;
           
            return ret;
          };
        })(name, prop[name]) :
        prop[name];
    }
    
    // The dummy class constructor
    function Class() {
      // All construction is actually done in the init method
      if ( !initializing && this.init )
        this.init.apply(this, arguments);
    }
   
    // Populate our constructed prototype object
    Class.prototype = prototype;
   
    // Enforce the constructor to be what we expect
    Class.prototype.constructor = Class;

    //add in the static members
    for (var name in this) {
    		if (!Class[name]) {
		        Class[name] = this[name];
        }
    }

    // And make this class extendable
    Class.extend = arguments.callee;
   
    return Class;
  };
})();

function addText(text) {
    document.getElementById('greetings').innerHTML = document.getElementById("greetings").innerHTML + '<br>' + text;
}

//parent class with a prototype method and two static methods
var Parent = Class.extend({
  hello: function () {
    addText('parent.hello');
  }
});  
Parent.static = function() {
  addText('Parent.static');
}
Parent.overrideStatic = function() {
  addText('Parent.overrideStatic');
}

//child class that overrides one of the parent's static methods
var Child = Parent.extend();
Child.overrideStatic = function() {
  addText('Child.overrideStatic');
}

var parent = new Parent();
parent.hello();
Parent.static();

var child = new Child();
child.hello();   //should output parent.hello
Child.static();  //should output Parent.static
Child.overrideStatic();
<div id="greetings"></div>

答案 5 :(得分:0)

在呼叫&#39;扩展&#39;中传入可选的静态成员列表。此方法将静态属性(如果有)添加到“静态”属性中。构造函数的属性。

代码更改

更改如下。这些行刚刚在&#39; dummy类构造函数之后添加&#39;代码:

    if(staticProp) {
        Class.statics = [];
        for (var name in staticProp) {
            !Class.statics[name] && (Class.statics[name] = staticProp[name]);
        }
    }

另一个参数&#39; staticProp&#39;在声明类型时添加,以便在此阶段引入静态成员:

Class.extend = function(prop,staticProp) {

可以找到一个小提琴here,包括一些测试。

使用示例

可以使用第二个可选的构造函数参数在类型声明时定义静态:

var A = Class.extend({},{myStatic:1});

可以在实例方法中访问/定义静态:

var B = Class.extend({test:function(){B.statics.myStatic=2;}});

或者来自实例外:

A.statics.myStatic=3;

requirejs示例:

将Class.js放在baseUrl文件夹中。示例新类定义。不必将新类的文件命名为与&#39; var C&#39;相同。 (即C.js)但可能更好的可读性,因此在类的方法中对C名的引用与其静态成员的任何外部引用对齐:

define(['Class'],function($) {
    var C = Class.extend({
        init: function(params){
            C.statics.myStatic++; // access static data
        }
    },{
        myStatic: 123
    });
    return C;
});

D.js中的另一个类引用了C类中的静态数据:

define(['Class', 'C'],function($,C) {
    var D = Class.extend({
        init: function(params){
            C.statics.myStatic++; // static data of another class
        }
    },{});
    return D;
});