如何将自纪元以来的秒数转换为Java中的小时/分钟/秒?

时间:2012-06-25 11:36:36

标签: java performance datetime

是否有快速,低垃圾的方式来做到这一点?我不能只做简单的模数运算,因为它没有考虑闰秒和其他日期/时间有趣的业务。

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:12)

我已经想出如何处理整数运算中的闰年并且从Epoch到日期/时间从秒开始实现转换器(但它从不会给你超过59秒)。下面的C代码应该很容易移植到Java。

#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

typedef unsigned uint;
typedef unsigned long long uint64;

struct tm* SecondsSinceEpochToDateTime(struct tm* pTm, uint64 SecondsSinceEpoch)
{
  uint64 sec;
  uint quadricentennials, centennials, quadrennials, annuals/*1-ennial?*/;
  uint year, leap;
  uint yday, hour, min;
  uint month, mday, wday;
  static const uint daysSinceJan1st[2][13]=
  {
    {0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365}, // 365 days, non-leap
    {0,31,60,91,121,152,182,213,244,274,305,335,366}  // 366 days, leap
  };
/*
  400 years:

  1st hundred, starting immediately after a leap year that's a multiple of 400:
  n n n l  \
  n n n l   } 24 times
  ...      /
  n n n l /
  n n n n

  2nd hundred:
  n n n l  \
  n n n l   } 24 times
  ...      /
  n n n l /
  n n n n

  3rd hundred:
  n n n l  \
  n n n l   } 24 times
  ...      /
  n n n l /
  n n n n

  4th hundred:
  n n n l  \
  n n n l   } 24 times
  ...      /
  n n n l /
  n n n L <- 97'th leap year every 400 years
*/

  // Re-bias from 1970 to 1601:
  // 1970 - 1601 = 369 = 3*100 + 17*4 + 1 years (incl. 89 leap days) =
  // (3*100*(365+24/100) + 17*4*(365+1/4) + 1*365)*24*3600 seconds
  sec = SecondsSinceEpoch + 11644473600LL;

  wday = (uint)((sec / 86400 + 1) % 7); // day of week

  // Remove multiples of 400 years (incl. 97 leap days)
  quadricentennials = (uint)(sec / 12622780800ULL); // 400*365.2425*24*3600
  sec %= 12622780800ULL;

  // Remove multiples of 100 years (incl. 24 leap days), can't be more than 3
  // (because multiples of 4*100=400 years (incl. leap days) have been removed)
  centennials = (uint)(sec / 3155673600ULL); // 100*(365+24/100)*24*3600
  if (centennials > 3)
  {
    centennials = 3;
  }
  sec -= centennials * 3155673600ULL;

  // Remove multiples of 4 years (incl. 1 leap day), can't be more than 24
  // (because multiples of 25*4=100 years (incl. leap days) have been removed)
  quadrennials = (uint)(sec / 126230400); // 4*(365+1/4)*24*3600
  if (quadrennials > 24)
  {
    quadrennials = 24;
  }
  sec -= quadrennials * 126230400ULL;

  // Remove multiples of years (incl. 0 leap days), can't be more than 3
  // (because multiples of 4 years (incl. leap days) have been removed)
  annuals = (uint)(sec / 31536000); // 365*24*3600
  if (annuals > 3)
  {
    annuals = 3;
  }
  sec -= annuals * 31536000ULL;

  // Calculate the year and find out if it's leap
  year = 1601 + quadricentennials * 400 + centennials * 100 + quadrennials * 4 + annuals;
  leap = !(year % 4) && (year % 100 || !(year % 400));

  // Calculate the day of the year and the time
  yday = sec / 86400;
  sec %= 86400;
  hour = sec / 3600;
  sec %= 3600;
  min = sec / 60;
  sec %= 60;

  // Calculate the month
  for (mday = month = 1; month < 13; month++)
  {
    if (yday < daysSinceJan1st[leap][month])
    {
      mday += yday - daysSinceJan1st[leap][month - 1];
      break;
    }
  }

  // Fill in C's "struct tm"
  memset(pTm, 0, sizeof(*pTm));
  pTm->tm_sec = sec;          // [0,59]
  pTm->tm_min = min;          // [0,59]
  pTm->tm_hour = hour;        // [0,23]
  pTm->tm_mday = mday;        // [1,31]  (day of month)
  pTm->tm_mon = month - 1;    // [0,11]  (month)
  pTm->tm_year = year - 1900; // 70+     (year since 1900)
  pTm->tm_wday = wday;        // [0,6]   (day since Sunday AKA day of week)
  pTm->tm_yday = yday;        // [0,365] (day since January 1st AKA day of year)
  pTm->tm_isdst = -1;         // daylight saving time flag

  return pTm;
}

See a test run at ideone

答案 1 :(得分:4)

  

我不能只做简单的模数运算,因为它没有说明闰秒和其他日期/时间有趣的业务。

Java 一般不会占据闰秒 - 或者更确切地说,这取决于平台,但我不认为它是在任何常见的生产平台中实现的。您确定需要来计算闰秒吗?如果这样做,您应该能够对添加或删除的秒数进行简单的基于表的查找,具体取决于您的数据源以及您希望它反映的内容。

至于“其他日期/时间有趣的事情” - 我不认为 这个特定计算的任何有趣的事情。例如,时区与自纪元以来的经过时间无关。

答案 2 :(得分:2)

假设“epoch”是指01-01-1970,00:00:00 GMT:

long secondsSinceEpoch = ...;

// The constructor of Date expects milliseconds
// since 01-01-1970, 00:00:00 GMT
Date date = new Date(secondsSinceEpoch * 1000L);

DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy");
System.out.println(df.format(date)); 

答案 3 :(得分:1)

Calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTimeInMillis(secondsSinceTheEpoch*1000);

答案 4 :(得分:1)

这是一种快速的零垃圾解决方案。至关重要的是不要在每次调用时创建Calendar的新实例,因为它是一个非常重量级的对象,需要448个字节的堆和几乎一微秒的初始化(Java 6,64位HotSpot,OS X) 。

HmsCalculator旨在从单个线程使用(每个线程必须使用不同的实例)。

public class HmsCalculator
{
  private final Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();

  public Hms toHms(long t) { return toHms(t, new Hms()); }
  public Hms toHms(long t, Hms hms) {
    c.setTimeInMillis(t*1000);
    return hms.init(c);
  }
  public static class Hms {
    public int h, m, s;
    private Hms init(Calendar c) {
      h = c.get(HOUR_OF_DAY); m = c.get(MINUTE); s = c.get(SECOND);
      return this;
    }
    public String toString() { return String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d",h,m,s); }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(new HmsCalculator().toHms(
       System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
  }
}

P.S。我没有粘贴所有那些静态导入(无聊)。

答案 5 :(得分:0)

java.time

从Java 8及更高版本开始,要使用的内置类是Instant框架中的java.time

x

转储到控制台。

for
  

时刻:2016-07-22T06:14:18Z

性能

我不知道完全 Instant instant = Instant.ofEpochSecond ( 1_469_168_058L ); 在执行速度或垃圾生产方面的表现。但你应该测试这个课程。在我阅读the source code in Java 9时,它看起来非常简单快速。

通过一些方法跳转,它基本上只分配一对整数,(a)从纪元开始的秒数(64位System.out.println ( "instant: " + instant ); )和(b)纳秒数作为a的分数在进行几次快速检查后,第二个(32位java.time.Instant):

首先查找零值,在这种情况下,它返回一个epoch本身的静态实例。

long

其次是对一对最小/最大常数的秒数进行健全性检查。

int

然后调用构造函数,该构造函数将整数值对分别分配给一对成员变量(if ((seconds | nanoOfSecond) == 0) { return EPOCH; } if (seconds < MIN_SECOND || seconds > MAX_SECOND) { throw new DateTimeException("Instant exceeds minimum or maximum instant"); } 基元。)

long

当然那只是建筑。询问诸如时间等部分意味着更多的工作。正如通过涉及另一个类DateTimeFormatterint方法生成字符串一样。 this.seconds = epochSecond; this.nanos = nanos; 源代码是一行。

toString

请记住,如果您想要在UTC以外的时区中使用诸如年,月,日,小时等部分,则意味着涉及ZoneId和{{3}的更多工作}类。例如:

toString
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