如何删除所有表中的所有外键约束？

Question

我想编写sql命令来删除所有表中的所有约束。我在互联网上搜索，发现如果数据库很小而且不复杂，以下哪个工作正常。

DECLARE @name VARCHAR(128) 
DECLARE @constraint VARCHAR(254) 
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(254) 
DECLARE @schema VARCHAR(128)

SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME) 
SELECT @schema = (SELECT TOP 1 schema_name(schema_id) FROM sys.objects WHERE [name] = @name) 

WHILE @name is not null 
BEGIN 
    SELECT @constraint = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND TABLE_NAME = @name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME) 
    WHILE @constraint IS NOT NULL 
    BEGIN 
        SELECT @SQL = 'ALTER TABLE ' + @schema + '.[' + RTRIM(@name) +'] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(@constraint) +']' 
        EXEC (@SQL) 
        PRINT 'Dropped FK Constraint: ' + @constraint + ' on ' + @name 
        SELECT @constraint = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME <> @constraint AND TABLE_NAME = @name ORDER BY CONSTRAINT_NAME) 
    END 
SELECT @name = (SELECT TOP 1 TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE constraint_catalog=DB_NAME() AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' ORDER BY TABLE_NAME) 
SELECT @schema = (SELECT TOP 1 schema_name(schema_id) FROM sys.objects WHERE [name] = @name) 
END 
GO 

如果我使用更复杂的数据库甚至AdventureWork运行它，它就不起作用。它显示了下面的一些错误。

Msg 3728, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
'FK_ap_invoice_modification_type_id' is not a constraint.
Msg 3727, Level 16, State 0, Line 1
Could not drop constraint. See previous errors.
Msg 3725, Level 16, State 0, Line 1
The constraint 'PK_ap_invoice' is being referenced by table '_drop_now_ap_invoice_detail', foreign key constraint 'FK_ap_invoice_detail_ap_invoice'.
Msg 3727, Level 16, State 0, Line 1
Could not drop constraint. See previous errors.

原因是因为某些FK被其他表引用。我必须运行这个脚本几次，直到数据库干净。

我想知道如何清除数据库中的所有FK。

Answer 1

周围有很多关于这个主题的信息。通过@AaronBertrand检查this detailed answer。它谈到临时禁用外键但是阅读所有内容并随意修改你将有一个很好的脚本可以玩并实现很多。

从我这边我可以提出2个不同的脚本来获取所有外键。在这两种情况下，取消注释--EXEC (@SQL)以执行您的ALTER代码。或者你可以等到它打印所有的alter子句，然后复制粘贴来执行它们。

首先使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA来获取约束：

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX)=''
SELECT @SQL = @SQL + 'ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(FK.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(FK.TABLE_NAME) + ' DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(C.CONSTRAINT_NAME) +'];' + CHAR(13)
--SELECT K_Table = FK.TABLE_NAME, FK_Column = CU.COLUMN_NAME, PK_Table = PK.TABLE_NAME, PK_Column = PT.COLUMN_NAME, Constraint_Name = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK
    ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK
    ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU
    ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN (
            SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
              FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
             INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2
                ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
            WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
           ) PT
    ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME

--EXEC (@SQL)

PRINT @SQL

这个使用不同的系统视图和CTE表。

DECLARE @SQL varchar(4000)=''
;WITH ReferencingFK AS 
(
    SELECT fk.Name AS 'FKName', OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) 'ParentTable',
            cpa.name 'ParentColumnName', OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) 'ReferencedTable',
            cref.name 'ReferencedColumnName'
    FROM sys.foreign_keys fk
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkc ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.columns cpa ON fkc.parent_object_id = cpa.object_id AND fkc.parent_column_id = cpa.column_id
    INNER JOIN sys.columns cref ON fkc.referenced_object_id = cref.object_id AND fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
)
SELECT @SQL = @SQL + 'ALTER TABLE ' + ParentTable + ' DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(FKName) +'];' + CHAR(13)
--SELECT FKName, ParentTable, ParentColumnName, ReferencedTable, ReferencedColumnName
  FROM ReferencingFK
 WHERE ReferencedTable = 'Employee'
 ORDER BY ParentTable, ReferencedTable, FKName

--EXEC (@SQL) 

PRINT @SQL

Answer 2

我改进了@Yaroslav提供的第一个脚本和@Quandary提供的脚本，所以它们现在适用于那些逐个删除所有外键的SQL查询超过为SQL变量分配的大小的数据库（ 4000或MAX个字符。）

更改后的脚本每次迭代都会删除5个外键（只是为了安全，通过添加TOP 5来实现）。当没有外键可供删除时脚本停止（运行SQL后SELECT变量保持为空。）

@Yaroslav的第一个脚本

DECLARE @SQL varchar(4000)
IterationStart:
SET @SQL=''
SELECT TOP 5 @SQL = @SQL + 'ALTER TABLE ' + FK.TABLE_NAME + ' DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(C.CONSTRAINT_NAME) +'];' + CHAR(13)
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK
    ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK
    ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU
    ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN (
            SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
              FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
             INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2
                ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
            WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
           ) PT
    ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME
IF @SQL <> ''
BEGIN
  EXEC(@SQL)
  GOTO IterationStart
END

@Quandary的脚本

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(MAX) 

IterationStart:
SET @sql = '' 

SELECT TOP 5 @sql = @sql + 'ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA) 
    + '.' + QUOTENAME(KCU1.TABLE_NAME) 
    + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME) + '; ' 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS AS RC 

INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KCU1 
    ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG  
    AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA 
    AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME 

IF @SQL <> ''
BEGIN
  EXEC(@SQL)
  GOTO IterationStart
END

Answer 3

这是我使用的一个简短而又甜蜜的脚本（在SQL Server 2008及更高版本上），用于删除所有考虑了对象架构的外键：

declare @sql varchar(max) = (
    select 
        'alter table ' + quotename(schema_name(schema_id)) + '.' +
        quotename(object_name(parent_object_id)) +
        ' drop constraint '+quotename(name) + ';'
    from sys.foreign_keys
    for xml path('')
);
exec sp_executesql @sql;

Answer 4

最简单的变体：

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(MAX) 
SET @sql = N'' 

SELECT @sql = @sql + N'ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(KCU1.TABLE_SCHEMA) 
    + N'.' + QUOTENAME(KCU1.TABLE_NAME) 
    + N' DROP CONSTRAINT ' -- + QUOTENAME(rc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA)  + N'.'  -- not in MS-SQL
    + QUOTENAME(rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME) + N'; ' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS AS RC 

INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KCU1 
    ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG  
    AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA 
    AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME 


-- PRINT @sql 
EXECUTE(@sql) 

Answer 5

我使用了@Yaroslav提到的INFORMATION_SCHEMA解决方案，但在我的数据库中有太多的外键常量使它们全部适合varchar（MAX）。所以我不得不修改脚本以使用临时表和光标。

另外，我在表名周围添加了[]。

DECLARE @SQL TABLE (Command VARCHAR(MAX))

INSERT @SQL
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE [' + FK.TABLE_NAME + '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + RTRIM(C.CONSTRAINT_NAME) +'];' + CHAR(13)
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK
    ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK
    ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU
    ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
 INNER JOIN (
            SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
              FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
             INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2
                ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
            WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
           ) PT
    ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME

DECLARE cmdCursor CURSOR
    FOR SELECT Command FROM @SQL
OPEN cmdCursor
DECLARE @Command VARCHAR(MAX)

FETCH NEXT FROM cmdCursor INTO @Command
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    PRINT @Command
    EXEC (@Command)
    FETCH NEXT FROM cmdCursor INTO @Command
END

CLOSE cmdCursor;
DEALLOCATE cmdCursor;

Answer 6

CREATE TABLE #Commands (Command VARCHAR(MAX))

INSERT #Commands
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA)
    + '.' + QUOTENAME(KCU1.TABLE_NAME)
    + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME) + '; '
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS AS RC

INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KCU1
    ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
    AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
    AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE ORDINAL_POSITION=1

--SELECT * FROM #Commands

DECLARE @Command VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE curCommand CURSOR FOR
SELECT Command FROM #Commands

OPEN curCommand

FETCH NEXT FROM curCommand INTO @Command

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS =0
BEGIN

    EXEC(@Command)
    FETCH NEXT FROM curCommand INTO @Command

END

CLOSE curCommand
DEALLOCATE curCommand

DROP TABLE #Commands

Answer 7

从此链接中查看Pinal的答案，这非常有帮助

https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2014/04/11/sql-server-drop-all-the-foreign-key-constraint-in-database-create-all-the-foreign-key-constraint-in-database/

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