Question

非常简单，尝试这样做

 SELECT  (artist_name || ' ' || name) as full_name FROM "songs"  WHERE "songs"."working" = 't' AND (full_name ILIKE('%Jack Beats%')) AND (full_name ILIKE('%Epidemic%')) AND (full_name ILIKE('%Dillon Francis%')) ORDER BY songs.published_at asc LIMIT 1

但是我得到了

ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PG::Error: ERROR:  column "full_name" does not exist

我已经尝试在电台之前添加表名，但没有效果。

Answer 1

在注释中提到sub_stantial时，不能在WHERE子句中引用SELECT中的别名。您可以使用派生表作为dwurf建议，但Rails中的派生表有点混乱。您可以在WHERE中扩展连接：

Song.where(:working => true)
    .where("artist_name || ' ' || name ILIKE ?", '%Jack Beats%')
    .where("artist_name || ' ' || name ILIKE ?", '%Epidemic%')
    .where("artist_name || ' ' || name ILIKE ?", '%Dillon Francis%')
    .order('songs.published_at asc')
    .limit(1)

如果你做了很多这样的事情，命名范围可能会有用：

class Song < ActiveRecord::Base
    #...
    def self.full_name_like(name)
        where("artist_name || ' ' || name ILIKE ?", "%#{name}%")
    end
end

然后：

Song.where(:working => true)
    .full_name_like('Jack Beats')
    .full_name_like('Epidemic')
    .full_name_like('Dillon Francis')
    .order('songs.published_at asc')
    .limit(1)

如果您的应用程序要进行大量ILIKE搜索，那么您可能需要查看全文搜索系统：LIKE查询会导致表扫描，表扫描会导致悲伤。

Answer 2

您无法在where子句中引用列别名。编写此查询的正确方法是：

SELECT  
  (artist_name || ' ' || name) AS full_name 
FROM "songs"  
WHERE "songs"."working" = 't' 
AND ((artist_name || ' ' || name) ILIKE('%Jack Beats%')) 
AND ((artist_name || ' ' || name) ILIKE('%Epidemic%'))
AND ((artist_name || ' ' || name) ILIKE('%Dillon Francis%'))
ORDER BY songs.published_at ASC
limit 1
;

sub_stantial的方法看起来更像是这样：

select full_name 
from (
    SELECT  
        (artist_name || ' ' || name) AS full_name 
    FROM "songs"  
    WHERE "songs"."working" = 't' 
    ORDER BY songs.published_at ASC
)
WHERE (full_name ILIKE('%Jack Beats%')) 
AND (full_name ILIKE('%Epidemic%'))
AND (full_name ILIKE('%Dillon Francis%'))
LIMIT 1
;

这两个查询的性能大致相同（非常垃圾），因为它们都必须进行全表扫描以构建full_name列，然后对结果进行排序。您可以将“索引”添加到“工作”以加速这些查询。

这是sql fiddle in postgresql

Answer 3

程序化Arel版本

注意：这尚未针对SQL注入进行全面测试。

class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
  scope :fields_sentence_ilike, -> (*fields, term) {
    sanitized_term = connection.quote("%#{term}%")

    # InfixOperation.new(operator, left, right) => left operator right => concatenated_fiels ILIKE '%word%'
    # NamedFunction.new(name, expression_nodes) => name(node0, node1, ...nodeN) => CONCAT_WS("columnA", "columnB", "columnC")
    where(
      Arel::Nodes::InfixOperation.new(
        Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new('ILIKE'),
        Arel::Nodes::NamedFunction.new(
          'CONCAT_WS', # CONCAT_WS concatenates strings using the first argument. In this case, an empty space.
          [
            Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new("' '"), # CONCAT by empty space
            *fields.map { |field|
              # CONCATING any NULL fields results NULL (like multiplying any number by 0 equals 0). COALESCE to empty string.
              Arel::Nodes::NamedFunction.new('COALESCE', [arel_attribute(field), Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new("''")])
            }
          ]
        ),
        Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new(sanitized_term)
      )
    )
  }
end

然后为您的Songs模型提供特定的实现

class Song < ApplicationRecord
  scope :full_name_like, -> (full_name) { fields_sentence_ilike(:artist_name, :name, full_name) }
end

用法

Song.full_name_like('Jack Beats')
  .full_name_like('Epidemic')
  .full_name_like('Dillon Francis')

Postgres选择一个concat字段并在Rails中ILIKE它

3 个答案: