遍历perl中的哈希数组

时间:2013-01-26 10:29:27

标签: perl

我的结构如下:

$var1=[{a=>B,c=>D},{E=>F,G=>H}];

现在我想遍历第一个哈希及其中的元素。我该怎么做?

当我执行$var1的转储程序时,它会向我Array提供@var1时,它会显示哈希值。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您可以像对待任何其他数组一样遍历数组,并且您将获得哈希引用。然后像使用普通哈希引用一样迭代每个哈希的键。

类似的东西:

foreach my $hash (@{$var1}) {
  foreach my $key (keys %{$hash}) {
    print $key, " -> ", $hash->{$key}, "\n";
  }
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

首先,你将使用包含裸字的变量声明来运行Perl的严格模式。

考虑到这一点,请填写下面给出的注释示例。

use strict;

my $test = [{'a'=>'B','c'=>'D'},{'E'=>'F','G'=>'H'}];

# Note the @{ $test }
# This says "treat this scalar reference as a list".
foreach my $elem ( @{ $test } ){
    # At this point $elem is a scalar reference to one of the anonymous
    # hashes
    #
    # Same trick, except this time, we're asking Perl
    # to treat the $elem reference as a reference to hash
    #
    # Hence, we can just call keys on it and iterate
    foreach my $key ( keys %{ $elem } ){
        # Finally, another bit of useful syntax for scalar references
        # The "point to" syntax automatically does the %{ } around $elem
        print "Key -> $key = Value " . $elem->{$key} . "\n";
    }
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

C:\wamp\bin\perl\bin\PERL_2~1\BASIC_~1\REVISION>type traverse.pl
my $var1=[{a=>"B", c=>"D"},{E=>"F", G=>"H"}];
foreach my $var (@{$var1}) {
  foreach my $key (keys(%$var)) {
    print $key, "=>", $var->{$key}, "\n";
  }
  print "\n";
}


C:\wamp\bin\perl\bin\PERL_2~1\BASIC_~1\REVISION>traverse.pl
c=>D
a=>B

G=>H
E=>F

  1. $var1 = []是对匿名数组的引用

  2. @之前使用$var1 sigil,可以访问它所引用的数组。与foreach (@arr) {...}类似,你会做foreach (@{$var1}) {...}

  3. 现在,您提供的数组中的元素@{$var1}也是匿名的(也就是未命名),但它们是匿名哈希,所以就像使用arrayref一样,这里我们{{1}访问%{$hash_reference}引用的哈希值。在此,$hash_reference$hash_reference

  4. 使用$var访问哈希后,使用%{$var}keys(%$var)可以轻松访问哈希的密钥。由于返回的结果是一组键,因此我们可以在keys(%{$var})内使用keys(%{$var})

  5. 我们使用像foreach (keys(%{$var})) {...}之类的密钥在匿名哈希中访问标量值,这就是所有代码所做的。

  6. 如果您的数组包含匿名的数组哈希,例如: $hash_reference->{$keyname} 那么,这就是你访问数组值的方式

    $var1=[ { akey=>["b", "c"], mkey=>["n", "o"]} ];
  7. 更多,更经常地练习它很快就会很容易将复杂的结构分解成这样的组合。这就是我创建large parser for another software的方式,它充满了你的问题的答案:)

答案 3 :(得分:0)

一眼看到amon上面评论的评论(谢谢,amon!)我能够写下这个小曲子:

#!/usr/bin/perl
# Given an array of hashes, print out the keys and values of each hash.

use strict; use warnings;
use Data::Dump qw(dump);

my $var1=[{A=>"B",C=>"D"},{E=>"F",G=>"H"}];
my $count = 0;

# @{$var1} is the array of hash references pointed to by $var1
foreach my $href (@{$var1})
{
    print "\nArray index ", $count++, "\n";
    print "=============\n";

    # %{$href} is the hash pointed to by $href
    foreach my $key (keys %{$href})
    {
            # $href->{$key} ( ALT: $$href{$key} ) is the value
            # corresponding to $key in the hash pointed to by
            # $href
            # print $key, " => ", $href->{$key}, "\n";
            print $key, " => ", $$href{$key}, "\n";
    }

print "\nCompare with dump():\n";
dump ($var1);

print "\nJust the first hash (index 0):\n";
# $var1->[0] ( ALT: $$var1[0] ) is the first hash reference (index 0)
# in @{$var1}
# dump ($var1->[0]);
dump ($$var1[0]);

#print "\nJust the value of key A: \"", $var1->[0]->{A}, "\"\n";
#print "\nJust the value of key A: \"", $var1->[0]{A}, "\"\n";
print "\nJust the value of key A: \"", $$var1[0]{A}, "\"\n"