Question

使用 SQL server 2005和2008 。

，我遇到了一定的困境

需要执行紧急情况，唯一的方法（SLA绑定）是使用某个SQL登录。问题是，无法访问拥有密码的人，我们很快就需要执行更新（通过应用程序并使用脚本和ssis）。

目前的讨论是更改密码，然后恢复原始密码。

那么，这可能吗？要导出或备份SQL登录？（如果是这样，那么我们确实可以轻松更改密码，执行更新，然后恢复原始密码）

For this scenario, kindly assume that we need to backup the 
SQL login's info (including the password)

Answer 1

您可以使用密码哈希编写登录脚本。然后执行您需要执行的操作，最后删除登录并使用脚本重新创建它。有几篇文章描述了如何执行脚本步骤，例如：http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/billg/archive/2010/07/08/Scripting-out-SQL-Server-Logins.aspx

但是，删除登录会删除授予该登录名的所有权限。此外，有一些事情可以阻止登录被删除，例如它拥有一个数据库。

因此，您还需要编写权限脚本并临时重新分配这些登录的所有权。

您可以使用密码哈希直接重置密码，但我从未尝试过。如果这样可行，则不必进行所有删除和重新创建。

备份所有登录的脚本：

USE [master]
GO

/****** Object:  UserDefinedFunction [dbo].[fn_hexadecimal]    ****/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_hexadecimal] 
(
    -- Add the parameters for the function here
     @binvalue varbinary(256)
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(256)
AS
BEGIN

    DECLARE @charvalue varchar(256)
    DECLARE @i int
    DECLARE @length int
    DECLARE @hexstring char(16)
    SELECT @charvalue = '0x'
    SELECT @i = 1
    SELECT @length = DATALENGTH (@binvalue)
    SELECT @hexstring = '0123456789ABCDEF' 
    WHILE (@i <= @length) 
    BEGIN
      DECLARE @tempint int
      DECLARE @firstint int
      DECLARE @secondint int
      SELECT @tempint = CONVERT(int, SUBSTRING(@binvalue,@i,1))
      SELECT @firstint = FLOOR(@tempint/16)
      SELECT @secondint = @tempint - (@firstint*16)
      SELECT @charvalue = @charvalue +
        SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @firstint+1, 1) +
        SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @secondint+1, 1)
      SELECT @i = @i + 1
    END
    return @charvalue

END
GO


SET NOCOUNT ON
GO
--use MASTER
GO
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT '-- Script created on ' + CAST(GETDATE() AS VARCHAR(100))
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT ''
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT '-- Create the windows logins'
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
SELECT 'IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM master.sys.server_principals WHERE [name] = ''' + [name] + ''')
    CREATE LOGIN [' + [name] + '] FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE=[' + 
        default_database_name + '], DEFAULT_LANGUAGE=[us_english]
GO

'
FROM master.sys.server_principals
where type_desc In ('WINDOWS_GROUP', 'WINDOWS_LOGIN')
AND [name] not like 'BUILTIN%'
and [NAME] not like 'NT AUTHORITY%'
and [name] not like '%\SQLServer%'
GO

PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT '-- Create the SQL Logins'
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
select 'IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM master.sys.sql_logins WHERE [name] = ''' + [name] + ''')
    CREATE LOGIN [' + [name] + '] 
        WITH PASSWORD=' + [master].[dbo].[fn_hexadecimal](password_hash) + ' HASHED,
        SID = ' + [master].[dbo].[fn_hexadecimal]([sid]) + ',  
        DEFAULT_DATABASE=[' + default_database_name + '], DEFAULT_LANGUAGE=[us_english], 
        CHECK_EXPIRATION=' + CASE WHEN is_expiration_checked = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END + ', CHECK_POLICY=OFF
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM master.sys.sql_logins WHERE [name] = ''' + [name] + ''')
    ALTER LOGIN [' + [name] + ']
        WITH CHECK_EXPIRATION=' + 
            CASE WHEN is_expiration_checked = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END + ', CHECK_POLICY=' + 
            CASE WHEN is_policy_checked = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END + '
GO


'
--[name], [sid] , password_hash 
from master.sys.sql_logins 
where type_desc = 'SQL_LOGIN' 
and [name] not in ('sa', 'guest')

PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT '-- Disable any logins'
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
SELECT 'ALTER LOGIN [' + [name] + '] DISABLE
GO
' 
from master.sys.server_principals 
where is_disabled = 1

PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT '-- Assign groups'
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'
select 
'EXEC master..sp_addsrvrolemember @loginame = N''' + l.name + ''', @rolename = N''' + r.name + '''
GO

'
from master.sys.server_role_members rm
join master.sys.server_principals r on r.principal_id = rm.role_principal_id
join master.sys.server_principals l on l.principal_id = rm.member_principal_id
where l.[name] not in ('sa')
AND l.[name] not like 'BUILTIN%'
and l.[NAME] not like 'NT AUTHORITY%'
and l.[name] not like '%\SQLServer%'

Answer 2

您可以使用脚本来使用microsoft sql server备份/恢复登录

第1步：创建sp_help_revlogin过程

    IF OBJECT_ID ('sp_hexadecimal') IS NOT NULL
  DROP PROCEDURE sp_hexadecimal
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_hexadecimal
    @binvalue varbinary(256),
    @hexvalue varchar (514) OUTPUT
AS
DECLARE @charvalue varchar (514)
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @length int
DECLARE @hexstring char(16)
SELECT @charvalue = '0x'
SELECT @i = 1
SELECT @length = DATALENGTH (@binvalue)
SELECT @hexstring = '0123456789ABCDEF'
WHILE (@i <= @length)
BEGIN
  DECLARE @tempint int
  DECLARE @firstint int
  DECLARE @secondint int
  SELECT @tempint = CONVERT(int, SUBSTRING(@binvalue,@i,1))
  SELECT @firstint = FLOOR(@tempint/16)
  SELECT @secondint = @tempint - (@firstint*16)
  SELECT @charvalue = @charvalue +
    SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @firstint+1, 1) +
    SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @secondint+1, 1)
  SELECT @i = @i + 1
END

SELECT @hexvalue = @charvalue
GO

IF OBJECT_ID ('sp_help_revlogin') IS NOT NULL
  DROP PROCEDURE sp_help_revlogin
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_help_revlogin @login_name sysname = NULL AS
DECLARE @name sysname
DECLARE @type varchar (1)
DECLARE @hasaccess int
DECLARE @denylogin int
DECLARE @is_disabled int
DECLARE @PWD_varbinary  varbinary (256)
DECLARE @PWD_string  varchar (514)
DECLARE @SID_varbinary varbinary (85)
DECLARE @SID_string varchar (514)
DECLARE @tmpstr  varchar (1024)
DECLARE @is_policy_checked varchar (3)
DECLARE @is_expiration_checked varchar (3)

DECLARE @defaultdb sysname

IF (@login_name IS NULL)
  DECLARE login_curs CURSOR FOR

      SELECT p.sid, p.name, p.type, p.is_disabled, p.default_database_name, l.hasaccess, l.denylogin FROM 
sys.server_principals p LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l
      ON ( l.name = p.name ) WHERE p.type IN ( 'S', 'G', 'U' ) AND p.name <> 'sa'
ELSE
  DECLARE login_curs CURSOR FOR


      SELECT p.sid, p.name, p.type, p.is_disabled, p.default_database_name, l.hasaccess, l.denylogin FROM 
sys.server_principals p LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l
      ON ( l.name = p.name ) WHERE p.type IN ( 'S', 'G', 'U' ) AND p.name = @login_name
OPEN login_curs

FETCH NEXT FROM login_curs INTO @SID_varbinary, @name, @type, @is_disabled, @defaultdb, @hasaccess, @denylogin
IF (@@fetch_status = -1)
BEGIN
  PRINT 'No login(s) found.'
  CLOSE login_curs
  DEALLOCATE login_curs
  RETURN -1
END
SET @tmpstr = '/* sp_help_revlogin script '
PRINT @tmpstr
SET @tmpstr = '** Generated ' + CONVERT (varchar, GETDATE()) + ' on ' + @@SERVERNAME + ' */'
PRINT @tmpstr
PRINT ''
WHILE (@@fetch_status <> -1)
BEGIN
  IF (@@fetch_status <> -2)
  BEGIN
    PRINT ''
    SET @tmpstr = '-- Login: ' + @name
    PRINT @tmpstr
    IF (@type IN ( 'G', 'U'))
    BEGIN -- NT authenticated account/group

      SET @tmpstr = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE = [' + @defaultdb + ']'
    END
    ELSE BEGIN -- SQL Server authentication
        -- obtain password and sid
            SET @PWD_varbinary = CAST( LOGINPROPERTY( @name, 'PasswordHash' ) AS varbinary (256) )
        EXEC sp_hexadecimal @PWD_varbinary, @PWD_string OUT
        EXEC sp_hexadecimal @SID_varbinary,@SID_string OUT

        -- obtain password policy state
        SELECT @is_policy_checked = CASE is_policy_checked WHEN 1 THEN 'ON' WHEN 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE NULL END FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name = @name
        SELECT @is_expiration_checked = CASE is_expiration_checked WHEN 1 THEN 'ON' WHEN 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE NULL END FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name = @name

            SET @tmpstr = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' WITH PASSWORD = ' + @PWD_string + ' HASHED, SID = ' + @SID_string + ', DEFAULT_DATABASE = [' + @defaultdb + ']'

        IF ( @is_policy_checked IS NOT NULL )
        BEGIN
          SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + ', CHECK_POLICY = ' + @is_policy_checked
        END
        IF ( @is_expiration_checked IS NOT NULL )
        BEGIN
          SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + ', CHECK_EXPIRATION = ' + @is_expiration_checked
        END
    END
    IF (@denylogin = 1)
    BEGIN -- login is denied access
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; DENY CONNECT SQL TO ' + QUOTENAME( @name )
    END
    ELSE IF (@hasaccess = 0)
    BEGIN -- login exists but does not have access
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; REVOKE CONNECT SQL TO ' + QUOTENAME( @name )
    END
    IF (@is_disabled = 1)
    BEGIN -- login is disabled
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; ALTER LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' DISABLE'
    END
    PRINT @tmpstr
  END

  FETCH NEXT FROM login_curs INTO @SID_varbinary, @name, @type, @is_disabled, @defaultdb, @hasaccess, @denylogin
   END
CLOSE login_curs
DEALLOCATE login_curs
RETURN 0
GO

第2步：执行sp_help_revlogin并复制结果以恢复登录

参考http://giasutinhoc.vn

导出/备份SQL登录信息

2 个答案: