创建触发器以将数据添加到审计表中

时间：2013-03-12 09:27:55

标签： mysql triggers

假设我们在数据库中有50 tables，并且我们想要捕获每个表的列中的所有更改（列的上一个值和新值）。将有一个审计表，其中包含以下列：

ID，Server_Name，User_Name，Date_Time，Table_Name，Column_Name，Old_Value，New_Value

将有一个审计表，它将捕获该数据库中所有表的更改。我相信我们可以为该数据库的每个表创建触发器。但请告诉我如何将所有数据添加到一个审计表中。如果你能为我提供一个非常有帮助的工作实例。

谢谢和问候， 帕塔

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：14)

我可以为你提供一种算法，大部分基础工作已经完成：

这可以是您的审计表，应根据您的要求将时间戳列添加为修改日期或更多信息：

CREATE TABLE audit (
     old_data VARCHAR(100),
     new_data VARCHAR(100),
     tbl_name VARCHAR(100)
)
|

这可以用作参考触发器;请注意，每个表都有一个单独的触发器：

CREATE TRIGGER testtrigger BEFORE UPDATE ON <table_name>
  FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    INSERT INTO audit(old_data, new_data, tbl_name) VALUES (OLD.first_name, NEW.first_name, "testtable");
  END;
|

每列可以有多个insert语句。如果您想限制不插入未更改的数据，可以在触发器中进行以下更改：

IF(OLD.column_name <> NEW.column_name) THEN
    --Your insert query here
ELSE
    --NOOP
END IF;

告诉我们是否需要更多信息。

答案 1 :(得分：1)

我花了几天的时间来提出一个存储过程来自动/动态地创建MariaDB中的UPDATE / DELETE触发器（与v 10.1.9一起使用），审核所有更新和删除的更改。该解决方案使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA为每个表自动构建审计触发器。在更新时，仅审核更改的列，而在删除时，所有历史记录都将保留在审核中。

在下面的示例中，我们使用两个表tb_company和tb_auditdetail创建一个测试数据库，该表将保存我们的审计日志。

    -- Dynamic Automated Update / Delete Triggers in MariaDB
    -- Leonard Tonna 19/05/2016 - www.ilabmalta.com

    CREATE DATABASE db_ilabmalta_test;

    USE db_ilabmalta_test;

    CREATE TABLE tb_auditDetail(
        audit_pk int(9) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
        type varchar(1) NOT NULL,
        tablename varchar(128) NULL,
        pk varchar(128) NULL,
        fieldname varchar(128) NULL,
        oldvalue varchar(1000) NULL,
        newvalue varchar(1000) NULL,
        updatedate datetime NULL,
        username varchar(128) NULL,
        dbusername varchar(128) NULL,
        machinename varchar(128) NULL);

    CREATE TABLE tb_company(
        cmp_pk int(9) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
        cmp_name varchar(100) NOT NULL,
        cmp_no varchar(16) NULL,
        cmp_status smallint NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
        cmp_created datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        cmp_createdby varchar(10) NOT NULL,
        cmp_updated datetime NULL,
        cmp_updatedby varchar(10) NULL,
        cmp_record_version int(9) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ) ;

    -- We now create sp_maketrigger which is the stored procedure
    -- which will give us our trigger scripts

    DELIMITER $$

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_maketrigger; 

    CREATE PROCEDURE sp_maketrigger (IN s_tablename CHAR(30), OUT u_trigger_out VARCHAR(65500) CHARACTER SET ascii,OUT d_trigger_out VARCHAR(65500) CHARACTER SET ascii)
    BEGIN
        DECLARE s_fieldname VARCHAR(50);
        DECLARE u_trigger VARCHAR(65500) CHARACTER SET ascii;
        DECLARE d_trigger VARCHAR(65500) CHARACTER SET ascii;
        DECLARE s_key VARCHAR(50);
        DECLARE s_updatedby VARCHAR(50);
        DECLARE s_updated VARCHAR(50);
        DECLARE s_recversion VARCHAR(50);
        DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; 
        DECLARE cursor_end CONDITION FOR SQLSTATE '02000'; 
        DECLARE col_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM test_prepare_vw;
        DECLARE pri_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM test_prepare_vw2;
        DECLARE upd_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM test_prepare_vw3;
        DECLARE rec_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM test_prepare_vw4;
        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR cursor_end SET done = 1; 

        DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_prepare_vw; 
        DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_prepare_vw2; 
        DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_prepare_vw3; 
        DROP VIEW IF EXISTS test_prepare_vw4; 

        SET u_trigger = '';
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT('DELIMITER $$ \nDROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tra_',s_tablename,'_update;\n');
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'CREATE TRIGGER tra_',s_tablename,'_update AFTER UPDATE ON ',s_tablename,' FOR EACH ROW \n');
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'BEGIN \n');
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'DECLARE msg VARCHAR(255); \n');

        SET d_trigger = '';
        SET d_trigger = CONCAT('DELIMITER $$ \nDROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tra_',s_tablename,'_delete;\n');
        SET d_trigger = CONCAT(d_trigger,'CREATE TRIGGER tra_',s_tablename,'_delete AFTER DELETE ON ',s_tablename,' FOR EACH ROW \n');
        SET d_trigger = CONCAT(d_trigger,'BEGIN \n');

        SET @query = CONCAT('CREATE VIEW test_prepare_vw2 as SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE table_name = \'', s_tablename, '\' AND table_schema = \'db_diers\' AND COLUMN_NAME NOT LIKE \'%updated%\' AND COLUMN_KEY = \'PRI\' ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION'); 
        PREPARE stmt from @query; 
        EXECUTE stmt; 
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt; 

        OPEN pri_cursor;
        FETCH pri_cursor INTO s_key; 
        CLOSE pri_cursor; 
        DROP VIEW test_prepare_vw2; 

        SET @query = CONCAT('CREATE VIEW test_prepare_vw3 as SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE table_name = \'', s_tablename, '\' AND table_schema = \'db_diers\' AND COLUMN_NAME LIKE \'%updatedby%\' AND COLUMN_KEY <> \'PRI\' ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION'); 
        PREPARE stmt from @query; 
        EXECUTE stmt; 
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt; 

        OPEN upd_cursor;
        FETCH upd_cursor INTO s_updatedby; 
        CLOSE upd_cursor; 
        DROP VIEW test_prepare_vw3; 
        SET s_updated = LEFT(s_updatedby,(LENGTH(RTRIM(s_updatedby)))-2);

        SET @query = CONCAT('CREATE VIEW test_prepare_vw4 as SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE table_name = \'', s_tablename, '\' AND table_schema = \'db_diers\' AND COLUMN_NAME LIKE \'%record_version%\' AND COLUMN_KEY <> \'PRI\' ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION'); 
        PREPARE stmt from @query; 
        EXECUTE stmt; 
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt; 

        OPEN rec_cursor;
        FETCH rec_cursor INTO s_recversion; 
        CLOSE rec_cursor; 
        DROP VIEW test_prepare_vw4; 

        SET @query = CONCAT('CREATE VIEW test_prepare_vw as SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE table_name = \'', s_tablename, '\' AND table_schema = \'db_diers\' AND COLUMN_KEY <> \'PRI\' ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION'); 
        PREPARE stmt from @query; 
        EXECUTE stmt; 
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt; 

        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'   IF (ISNULL(NEW.',s_recversion,') OR OLD.',s_recversion,' >= NEW.',s_recversion,' OR ISNULL(NEW.',s_updatedby,') OR NEW.',s_updatedby,' = \'\' OR ISNULL(NEW.',s_updated,') OR NEW.',s_updated,' = OLD.',s_updated,') THEN \n');
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'      set msg = \'Cannot update record without specifying updated/updatedby by columns and without incrementing the record version.\'; \n');
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'      SIGNAL SQLSTATE \'45000\' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = msg; \n');
        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'   END IF;     \n');

        OPEN col_cursor;

        FETCH col_cursor INTO s_fieldname; 
        WHILE done = 0 DO 
            SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'   IF (IFNULL(OLD.',s_fieldname,',\'\') <> IFNULL(NEW.',s_fieldname,',\'\') ) THEN\n');
            SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'     INSERT INTO tb_auditdetail (type, tablename, pk, fieldname, oldvalue, newvalue, updatedate, username, dbusername, machinename) \n');
            SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'     VALUES (\'U\', \'',s_tablename,'\', OLD.',s_key,', \'',s_fieldname,'\', OLD.',s_fieldname,', NEW.',s_fieldname,', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NEW.',s_updatedby,',CURRENT_USER(),@@hostname);\n');
            SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'   END IF;\n'); 

            SET d_trigger = CONCAT(d_trigger,'     INSERT INTO tb_auditdetail (type, tablename, pk, fieldname, oldvalue, newvalue, updatedate, username, dbusername, machinename) \n');
            SET d_trigger = CONCAT(d_trigger,'     VALUES (\'D\', \'',s_tablename,'\', OLD.',s_key,', \'',s_fieldname,'\', OLD.',s_fieldname,',NULL, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL,CURRENT_USER(),@@hostname);\n');

            FETCH col_cursor INTO s_fieldname; 
        END WHILE; 
        CLOSE col_cursor; 

        DROP VIEW test_prepare_vw; 

        SET u_trigger = CONCAT(u_trigger,'END;$$ \nDELIMITER ; \n');
        SET d_trigger = CONCAT(d_trigger,'END;$$ \nDELIMITER ; \n');
        SELECT u_trigger INTO u_trigger_out;
        SELECT d_trigger INTO d_trigger_out;


    END; $$

    DELIMITER ;

    -- And finally, to extract the Trigger Scripts

    call sp_maketrigger('tb_company',@s_line1,@d_line1);

    SELECT CONCAT(@s_line1,@d_line1)

    -- You just need to copy, paste and execute the trigger script, and
    -- voila, your audit is in place.

以上示例理所当然地认为，对于每个表，您有5列：created，createdby，updated，updatedby，record_version。

但是，您可以以不同方式自定义存储过程sp_maketrigger以满足您的需要。 sp也受到增强和改进。

答案 2 :(得分：1)

这是Vlad回答的改进版本。审核表的更改列为“差异”。

审核规则：

  • 63 7/14/20 20A8 Barr v. Lee   PC 591/2 和INSERT-包含所有字段的完整记录存储到审计表中
  • DELETE-仅存储字段更改

审计表结构。 UPDATE是存储更改的列。

注意：diff是我们正在审核的表上的JSON列。

privileges

触发CREATE TABLE roles_audit_log ( roles_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, diff JSON, dml_type ENUM('INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE') NOT NULL, dml_timestamp TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, dml_created_by VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL default 'system', PRIMARY KEY (roles_id, dml_type, dml_timestamp) ); 语句。将用已更改的字段填充UPDATE列。

diff

触发DELIMITER $$ CREATE TRIGGER roles_audit_au AFTER UPDATE ON `roles` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN DECLARE m_change text; SET m_change = JSON_OBJECT(); IF coalesce(NEW.role, '') != coalesce(OLD.role, '') THEN SET m_change = JSON_SET(m_change, '$.role', NEW.role); END IF; IF coalesce(NEW.created_at, '') != coalesce(OLD.created_at, '') THEN SET m_change = JSON_SET(m_change, '$.created_at', NEW.created_at); END IF; IF coalesce(NEW.updated_at, '') != coalesce(OLD.updated_at, '') THEN SET m_change = JSON_SET(m_change, '$.updated_at', NEW.updated_at); END IF; IF coalesce(NEW.privileges, '') != coalesce(OLD.privileges, '') THEN SET m_change = JSON_SET(m_change, '$.privileges', NEW.privileges); END IF; INSERT INTO `roles_audit_log` ( roles_id, diff, dml_type, dml_created_by ) VALUES( NEW.id, m_change, 'UPDATE', coalesce(@logged_user, 'system') ); END;$$ DELIMITER ; 语句。将用已删除的完整行填充DELETE。

diff

触发DELIMITER $$ CREATE TRIGGER roles_audit_ad AFTER DELETE ON `roles` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN INSERT INTO `roles_audit_log` ( roles_id, diff, dml_type, dml_created_by ) VALUES( OLD.id, JSON_OBJECT( 'id', OLD.id, 'role', OLD.role, 'privileges', OLD.privileges, 'created_at', OLD.created_at, 'updated_at', OLD.updated_at ), 'DELETE', coalesce(@logged_user, 'system') ); END;$$ DELIMITER ; 语句。将用已删除的完整行填充INSERT。

diff

答案 3 :(得分：0)

您可以使用此触发器，但是如果对我来说每个表都是最佳触发器，因为您可以控制表结构中的某些更改是否不影响其他结构，则可以使用此存储库的示例： https://github.com/areliszxz/mysql_audit 

DELIMITER $$
USE `tudbaauditar`$$
CREATE
TRIGGER `tudbaauditar`.`update`
BEFORE UPDATE ON `tudbaauditar`.`tutablaaauditar` #aqui puedes poner antes o despues del update
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
        /*Paso de variables para un mejor control*/
        set @res1 = ''; set @res2 = ''; set @res3 = ''; set @res4 = '';
        /*Sacamos info de la ip donde se ejecuta la accion de UPDATE*/
        select host as IP INTO @ipcl from information_schema.processlist WHERE ID=connection_id();
        #concatenamos los campos de la tabla a auditar y verificamos que no sean null, en caso de que los campos sean null agregamos un espacio
        #las variables (new,old)son de mysql, el valor old es el que ya se tenia en la tabla y el new es el valor que se modifico

        #Valores viejos
        SET @oldq = CONCAT (' id ',ifnull(OLD.id,''),
                                                        ' campo1 ',ifnull(OLD.campo1,''),
                                                        ' campo2 ',ifnull(OLD.campo2,''),
                                                        ' campo3 ',ifnull(OLD.campo3,''));
        #Valores nuevos
        SET @newq = CONCAT (' id ',ifnull(new.id,''),
                                                        ' campo1 ',ifnull(new.campo1,''),
                                                        ' campo2 ',ifnull(new.campo2,''),
                                                        ' campo3 ',ifnull(new.campo3,''));
    #guardamos en una variable los valores que unicamente cambiaron                                                 
    IF OLD.id <> new.id THEN set @res1 = CONCAT ('Cambio id ',ifnull(OLD.id,''), ' a: ',ifnull(new.id,'')); END IF;
    IF OLD.campo1 <> new.campo1 THEN set @res2 = CONCAT ('Cambio campo1 ',ifnull(OLD.campo1,''), ' a: ',ifnull(new.campo1,'')); END IF;
    IF OLD.campo2 <> new.campo2 THEN set @res3 = CONCAT ('Cambio campo2 ',ifnull(OLD.campo2,''), ' a: ',ifnull(new.campo2,'')); END IF;
    IF OLD.campo3 <> new.campo3 THEN set @res4 = CONCAT ('Cambio campo3 ',ifnull(OLD.campo3,''), ' a: ',ifnull(new.campo3,'')); END IF;
    SET @resC=CONCAT(ifnull(@res1,''),'|',ifnull(@res2,''),'|',ifnull(@res3,''),'|',ifnull(@res4,''));

    #insertamos en nuestra tabla de log la informacion
    INSERT INTO basedeauditoria.tablalogs (old,new,usuario,typo,fecha,tabla,valor_alterado,ip)                
    VALUES (@oldq ,@newq,CURRENT_USER,"UPDATE",NOW(),"tutablaaauditar",ifnull(@resC,'No cambio nada'),@ipcl);
END$$

#log de insertados(Nuevos registros)
DELIMITER $$
USE `tudbaauditar`$$
CREATE
TRIGGER `tudbaauditar`.`incert`
BEFORE INSERT ON `tudbaauditar`.`tutablaaauditar`
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    SET @oldq = '';
    SET @newq = CONCAT (' id ',ifnull(new.id,''),
    ' campo1 ',ifnull(new.campo1,''),
    ' campo2 ',ifnull(new.campo2,''),
    ' campo3 ',ifnull(new.campo3,''));
    INSERT INTO sys_logdev.logs (old,new,usuario,typo,fecha,tabla)                
    VALUES (@oldq ,@newq,CURRENT_USER,"INSERT",NOW(),"tutablaaauditar");
END$$

#log de Borrados
DELIMITER $$
USE `tudbaauditar`$$
CREATE
TRIGGER `tudbaauditar`.`delete`
AFTER DELETE ON `tudbaauditar`.`tutablaaauditar`
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    SET @newq = '';
    SET @oldq = CONCAT (' id ',ifnull(new.id,''),
    ' campo1 ',ifnull(new.campo1,''),
    ' campo2 ',ifnull(new.campo2,''),
    ' campo3 ',ifnull(new.campo3,''));
    INSERT INTO sys_logdev.logs (old,new,usuario,typo,fecha,tabla)                
    VALUES (@oldq ,@newq,CURRENT_USER,"DELETE",NOW(),"tutablaaauditar");
END$$

答案 4 :(得分：0)

由于这是非常常见的要求，因此以下答案基于我在博客上写的this article。

数据库表

假设我们有一个包含以下两个表的库应用程序：

MySQL audit logging using triggers and JSON columns

存储新旧行状态的最佳方法是使用JSON列。因此，对于要启用审核日志记录的每个表，都可以创建一个审核日志表，如下所示：

CREATE TABLE book_audit_log (
    book_id BIGINT NOT NULL, 
    old_row_data JSON,
    new_row_data JSON,
    dml_type ENUM('INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE') NOT NULL,
    dml_timestamp TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
    dml_created_by VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (book_id, dml_type, dml_timestamp)
)
  • book_id列存储已创建，更新或删除的book行的标识符。
  • old_row_data是一个JSON列，它将在执行INSERT，UPDATE或DELETE语句之前捕获book记录的状态。
  • new_row_data是一个JSON列，它将在执行INSERT，UPDATE或DELETE语句后捕获book记录的状态。
  • dml_type是一个枚举列，存储创建，更新或删除给定book记录的DML语句类型。
  • dml_timestamp存储DML语句执行时间戳。
  • dml_created_by存储发出INSERT，UPDATE或DELETE DML语句的应用程序用户。

使用触发器拦截INSERT，UPDATE和DELETE DML语句

现在，要提供审核日志表，您需要创建以下3个触发器：

CREATE TRIGGER book_insert_audit_trigger
AFTER INSERT ON book FOR EACH ROW 
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO book_audit_log (
        book_id,
        old_row_data,
        new_row_data,
        dml_type,
        dml_timestamp,
        dml_created_by
    )
    VALUES(
        NEW.id,
        null,
        JSON_OBJECT(
            "title", NEW.title,
            "author", NEW.author,
            "price_in_cents", NEW.price_in_cents,
            "publisher", NEW.publisher
        ),
        'INSERT',
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        @logged_user
    );
END

CREATE TRIGGER book_update_audit_trigger
AFTER UPDATE ON book FOR EACH ROW 
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO book_audit_log (
        book_id,
        old_row_data,
        new_row_data,
        dml_type,
        dml_timestamp,
        dml_created_by
    )
    VALUES(
        NEW.id,
        JSON_OBJECT(
            "title", OLD.title,
            "author", OLD.author,
            "price_in_cents", OLD.price_in_cents,
            "publisher", OLD.publisher
        ),
        JSON_OBJECT(
            "title", NEW.title,
            "author", NEW.author,
            "price_in_cents", NEW.price_in_cents,
            "publisher", NEW.publisher
        ),
        'UPDATE',
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        @logged_user
    );
END

CREATE TRIGGER book_delete_audit_trigger
AFTER DELETE ON book FOR EACH ROW 
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO book_audit_log (
        book_id,
        old_row_data,
        new_row_data,
        dml_type,
        dml_timestamp,
        dml_created_by
    )
    VALUES(
        OLD.id,
        JSON_OBJECT(
            "title", OLD.title,
            "author", OLD.author,
            "price_in_cents", OLD.price_in_cents,
            "publisher", OLD.publisher
        ),
        null,
        'DELETE',
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        @logged_user
    );
END

通过JSON_OBJECT MySQL函数，我们可以创建一个采用提供的键值对的JSON对象。

dml_type列设置为INSERT，UPDATE或DELETE的值，而dml_timestamp值设置为CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

dml_created_by列设置为@logged_user MySQL会话变量的值，该变量先前由应用程序使用当前登录的用户设置：

Session session = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);

Dialect dialect = session.getSessionFactory()
    .unwrap(SessionFactoryImplementor.class)
    .getJdbcServices()
    .getDialect();

session.doWork(connection -> {
    update(
        connection,
        String.format(
            "SET @logged_user = '%s'", 
            ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(
                dialect,
                "escapeLiteral",
                LoggedUser.get()
            )
        )
    );
});

测试时间

在book表上执行INSERT语句时：

INSERT INTO book (
    id,
    author, 
    price_in_cents, 
    publisher, 
    title
) 
VALUES (
    1,
    'Vlad Mihalcea', 
    3990, 
    'Amazon', 
    'High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition'
)

我们可以看到book_audit_log中插入了一条记录，该记录捕获了刚刚在book表上执行的INSERT语句：

| book_id | old_row_data | new_row_data                                                                                                                         | dml_type | dml_timestamp       | dml_created_by |
|---------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|---------------------|----------------|
| 1       |              | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | INSERT   | 2020-07-29 13:40:15 | Vlad Mihalcea  |

在更新book表行时：

UPDATE book 
SET price_in_cents = 4499 
WHERE id = 1

我们可以看到book_audit_log表上的AFTER UPDATE触发器将新记录添加到book：

| book_id | old_row_data                                                                                                                         | new_row_data                                                                                                                         | dml_type | dml_timestamp       | dml_created_by |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|---------------------|----------------|
| 1       |                                                                                                                                      | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | INSERT   | 2020-07-29 13:40:15 | Vlad Mihalcea  |
| 1       | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 4499} | UPDATE   | 2020-07-29 13:50:48 | Vlad Mihalcea  |

删除book表行时：

DELETE FROM book 
WHERE id = 1

通过book_audit_log表上的AFTER DELETE触发器将新记录添加到book：

| book_id | old_row_data                                                                                                                         | new_row_data                                                                                                                         | dml_type | dml_timestamp       | dml_created_by |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|---------------------|----------------|
| 1       |                                                                                                                                      | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | INSERT   | 2020-07-29 13:40:15 | Vlad Mihalcea  |
| 1       | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 4499} | UPDATE   | 2020-07-29 13:50:48 | Vlad Mihalcea  |
| 1       | {"title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 4499} |                                                                                                                                      | DELETE   | 2020-07-29 14:05:33 | Vlad Mihalcea  |

就是这样！

有关此主题的更多信息，请在我的博客上查看this article。

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