Question

我是python中的新手。今天当我写一些搜索功能时，我遇到了一个错误。我使用sqlalchemy orm来做到这一点，在我的函数中，我输入一个中文单词作为关键词.html页面给出我在/ user / search处的UnicodeEncodeError：'latin-1'编解码器不能编码位置0-1中的字符：序数不在范围内（256）。我的代码是这样的：

def user_search(request):
    name = request.GET.get('name').strip()
    user_list = list()

    if name:
        user_list = User.get_by_name(name)

class User(object):
    @classmethod
    def get_by_name(cls, name):
        return DBSession.query(cls).filter(cls.name==name)

并且Traceback在这里：

Traceback:
    File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  111.                         response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/lib/decorators.py" in wrapper
  75.                     return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/lib/decorators.py" in wrapper
  39.             output = function(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/apps/user/user_views.py" in user_search
  47.     users = jump_page(paginator, page)
File "/home/jiankong/git/admin-server/apps/user/utils.py" in jump_page
  92.         return paginator.page(1)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in page
  37.         number = self.validate_number(number)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in validate_number
  28.         if number > self.num_pages:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in _get_num_pages
  60.             if self.count == 0 and not self.allow_empty_first_page:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in _get_count
  48.                 self._count = self.object_list.count()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in count
  2414.         return self.from_self(col).scalar()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in scalar
  2240.             ret = self.one()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in one
  2209.         ret = list(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in __iter__
  2252.         return self._execute_and_instances(context)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py" in _execute_and_instances
  2267.         result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py" in execute
  664.                                                 params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py" in _execute_clauseelement
  764.             compiled_sql, distilled_params
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py" in _execute_context
  871.                                     context)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.8.1dev-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py" in do_execute
  324.         cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py" in execute
  183.             query = query % db.literal(args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/MySQLdb/connections.py" in literal
  264.         return self.escape(o, self.encoders)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4-py2.6-linux-i686.egg/MySQLdb/connections.py" in unicode_literal
  202.                 return db.literal(u.encode(unicode_literal.charset))

Exception Type: UnicodeEncodeError at /user/search
Exception Value: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 0-1: ordinal not in range(256)`

当我遇到错误时，我在python shell中进行了测试，它运行良好，代码在这里：

来自apps.user.models导入用户       user = User.get_by_name（'某人'）。first（）       打印用户                  print user.name           某人

那么我该如何让它在我的html页面中运行呢？非常感谢!!

Answer 1

我假设你在这里使用MySQL和MySQLdb驱动程序。

MySQLdb驱动程序使用的默认编码是latin-1，它不支持您的字符集。您需要使用UTF-8（或其他，但UTF-8是最常见的）才能通过MySQLdb与您的数据库通信（参见http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/dialects/mysql.html#unicode）。

要做这样的事情，请使用以下行创建引擎：

create_engine('mysql+mysqldb://USER:@SERVER:PORT/DB?charset=utf8', encoding='utf-8')

您还可以使用sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL类构建引擎网址，并将其发送到create engine函数。当您在配置文件中进行设置时，我发现它很有用。

import sqlalchemy.engine.url as url

engine_url = url.URL(
    drivername='mysql+' + cfg['MYSQL_PYTHON_DRIVER'],
    host=cfg['MYSQL_HOST'],
    port=cfg['MYSQL_PORT'],
    username=cfg['MYSQL_USER'],
    password=cfg['MYSQL_PWD'],
    database=cfg['MYSQL_DB'],
    query={'charset': 'utf8'}
)
db = create_engine(engine_url, encoding='utf-8')

希望有所帮助。

Answer 2

基于你的stacktrace，你正在使用启用了unicode编码的MySQL Python，因为它正在进行编码。所以你可能需要指定一个可编码的编码（注意这是MySQLdb DBAPI使用的所有设置，SQLalhcemy只是通过它们）：

create_engine('mysql+mysqldb:///mydb?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1')

http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/dialects/mysql.html#unicode

UnicodeEncodeError：＆＃39; Latin-1的＆＃39;编解码器不能对位置0-1中的字符进行编码：序数不在范围内（256）

2 个答案: