库达的记忆碎片化

时间:2013-05-16 09:56:21

标签: memory-management cuda gpu

我遇到了一个我无法理解的内存分配问题。我试图在GPU中分配一个char数组(我猜它可能是一个内存碎片问题)。

这是我的代码,

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<cuda.h>

inline void gpuAssert(cudaError_t code, char *file, int line, 
                 int abort=1)
{  
   if (code != cudaSuccess) {
      printf("GPUassert: %s %s %d\n", cudaGetErrorString(code), file, line);
      if (abort) exit(code);
   }
}
#define gpuErrchk(ans) { gpuAssert((ans), __FILE__, __LINE__); }

__global__ void calc(char *k,char *i)
{
       *i=*k;
}
int main()
{
        char *dev_o=0;
        char *i;
        i = (char*)malloc(10*sizeof(char));

        cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_o,10*sizeof(char)); //Line 31


        calc<<<1,1>>>("arun",dev_o);

        gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpy(&i,dev_o,10*sizeof(char),cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));

        cudaFree(dev_o);

        printf("string : %s \n",i);

        return 0;
}

但是我得到了输出,

  

GPUassert:内存不足sample2.cu 31

在同样的情况下,我尝试在GPU中分配整数并且它正常工作。

我的GPU设备信息为,

--- General Information for device 0 ---
Name:GeForce GTX 460 SE
Compute capability:2.1
Clock rate:1296000
Device copy overlap:Enabled
Kernel execition timeout :Enabled
--- Memory Information for device 0 ---
Total global mem:1073283072
Total constant Mem:65536
Max mem pitch:2147483647
Texture Alignment:512
--- MP Information for device 0 ---
Multiprocessor count:6
Shared mem per mp:49152
Registers per mp:32768
Threads in warp:32
Max threads per block:1024
Max thread dimensions:(1024, 1024, 64)
Max grid dimensions:(65535, 65535, 65535)

谁能告诉我这是什么问题以及如何克服它?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您的代码中出现了一些问题。

  1. cudaMemcpy(&i, ...)应为cudaMemcpy(i, ...)
  2. 检查内核调用的返回错误,如this post中所述。如果不这样做,错误似乎会在您的代码中出现。

    gpuErrchk(cudaPeekAtLastError());
    gpuErrchk(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
    
  3. 您的内核的char *k参数是主机指针。在调用内核之前,您应该创建另一个设备阵列并将数据复制到设备。
  4. 由于您没有使用线程索引calc(),因此您在threadIdx.x内核中的线程上也没有进行任何并行工作。这可能是为了测试。
  5. 如果您解决了这些问题,您将获得以下内容:

    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<cuda.h>
    
    inline void gpuAssert(cudaError_t code, char *file, int line, 
                     int abort=1)
    {  
       if (code != cudaSuccess) {
          printf("GPUassert: %s %s %d\n", cudaGetErrorString(code), file, line);
          if (abort) exit(code);
       }
    }
    #define gpuErrchk(ans) { gpuAssert((ans), __FILE__, __LINE__); }
    
    __global__ void calc(char* k, char *i)
    {
           i[threadIdx.x] = k[threadIdx.x];
    }
    
    int main()
    {
            const char* msg = "arun";
    
            char *dev_i, *dev_k;
            char *i, *k;
    
            k = (char*)malloc(10*sizeof(char));
            i = (char*)malloc(10*sizeof(char));
    
            sprintf(k, msg);
    
            cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_i, 10*sizeof(char));
            cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_k, 10*sizeof(char));
    
            gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpy(dev_k, k, 10*sizeof(char), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
    
            calc<<<1,5>>>(dev_k, dev_i);
    
            gpuErrchk(cudaPeekAtLastError());
            // Synchronization will be done in the next synchronous cudaMemCpy call, else
            // you would need cudaDeviceSynchronize() to detect execution errors.
            //gpuErrchk(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
    
            gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpy(i, dev_i, 10*sizeof(char), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
    
            printf("string : %s\n", i);
    
            cudaFree(dev_i);
            cudaFree(dev_k);
            free(i);
            free(k);
    
            return 0;
    }
    
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