我有两个数据模型，一个是User，另一个是ShibUser，ShibUser通过存储User表的id作为其外键与User关联。
这是我的ShibUser表：
+----+--------------+------------------+----------------+
| id | auth_user_id | shib_username | shib_user_role |
+----+--------------+------------------+----------------+
| 1 | 4 | auser@domain.edu | Student |
| 2 | 5 | buser@domain.edu | Student |
+----+--------------+------------------+----------------+
来自django.db导入模型 来自askbot.deps.django_authopenid.models导入用户
class ShibUser(models.Model):
auth_user = models.ForeignKey(User)
shib_username = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
shib_user_role = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
这是我的用户（auth_user）表：
+----+----------------+------------+--------+
| id | username | reputation | status |
+----+----------------+------------+--------+
| 4 | aaUser | 1 | w |
| 5 | MrBUser_Cool | 1 | w |
+----+----------------+------------+--------+
用户的模型定义：
class User(models.Model):
"""
Users within the Django authentication system are represented by this
model.
Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.
"""
username = models.CharField(_('username'), max_length=30, unique=True,
help_text=_('Required. 30 characters or fewer. Letters, numbers and '
'@/./+/-/_ characters'))
first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
email = models.EmailField(_('e-mail address'), blank=True)
password = models.CharField(_('password'), max_length=128)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(_('staff status'), default=False,
help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'))
is_active = models.BooleanField(_('active'), default=True,
help_text=_('Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'))
is_superuser = models.BooleanField(_('superuser status'), default=False,
help_text=_('Designates that this user has all permissions without '
'explicitly assigning them.'))
last_login = models.DateTimeField(_('last login'), default=timezone.now)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)
groups = models.ManyToManyField(Group, verbose_name=_('groups'),
blank=True, help_text=_('The groups this user belongs to. A user will '
'get all permissions granted to each of '
'his/her group.'))
user_permissions = models.ManyToManyField(Permission,
verbose_name=_('user permissions'), blank=True,
help_text='Specific permissions for this user.')
objects = UserManager()
class Meta:
verbose_name = _('user')
verbose_name_plural = _('users')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.username
def natural_key(self):
return (self.username,)
def get_absolute_url(self):
return "/users/%s/" % urllib.quote(smart_str(self.username))
def is_anonymous(self):
"""
Always returns False. This is a way of comparing User objects to
anonymous users.
"""
return False
def is_authenticated(self):
"""
Always return True. This is a way to tell if the user has been
authenticated in templates.
"""
return True
def get_full_name(self):
"""
Returns the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
"""
full_name = u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
return full_name.strip()
def set_password(self, raw_password):
self.password = make_password(raw_password)
def check_password(self, raw_password):
"""
Returns a boolean of whether the raw_password was correct. Handles
hashing formats behind the scenes.
"""
def setter(raw_password):
self.set_password(raw_password)
self.save()
return check_password(raw_password, self.password, setter)
def set_unusable_password(self):
# Sets a value that will never be a valid hash
self.password = make_password(None)
def has_usable_password(self):
return is_password_usable(self.password)
def get_group_permissions(self, obj=None):
"""
Returns a list of permission strings that this user has through his/her
groups. This method queries all available auth backends. If an object
is passed in, only permissions matching this object are returned.
"""
permissions = set()
for backend in auth.get_backends():
if hasattr(backend, "get_group_permissions"):
if obj is not None:
permissions.update(backend.get_group_permissions(self,
obj))
else:
permissions.update(backend.get_group_permissions(self))
return permissions
def get_all_permissions(self, obj=None):
return _user_get_all_permissions(self, obj)
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"""
Returns True if the user has the specified permission. This method
queries all available auth backends, but returns immediately if any
backend returns True. Thus, a user who has permission from a single
auth backend is assumed to have permission in general. If an object is
provided, permissions for this specific object are checked.
"""
# Active superusers have all permissions.
if self.is_active and self.is_superuser:
return True
# Otherwise we need to check the backends.
return _user_has_perm(self, perm, obj)
def has_perms(self, perm_list, obj=None):
"""
Returns True if the user has each of the specified permissions. If
object is passed, it checks if the user has all required perms for this
object.
"""
for perm in perm_list:
if not self.has_perm(perm, obj):
return False
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"""
Returns True if the user has any permissions in the given app label.
Uses pretty much the same logic as has_perm, above.
"""
# Active superusers have all permissions.
if self.is_active and self.is_superuser:
return True
return _user_has_module_perms(self, app_label)
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email])
def get_profile(self):
"""
Returns site-specific profile for this user. Raises
SiteProfileNotAvailable if this site does not allow profiles.
"""
if not hasattr(self, '_profile_cache'):
from django.conf import settings
if not getattr(settings, 'AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE', False):
raise SiteProfileNotAvailable(
'You need to set AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE in your project '
'settings')
try:
app_label, model_name = settings.AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE.split('.')
except ValueError:
raise SiteProfileNotAvailable(
'app_label and model_name should be separated by a dot in '
'the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE setting')
try:
model = models.get_model(app_label, model_name)
if model is None:
raise SiteProfileNotAvailable(
'Unable to load the profile model, check '
'AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE in your project settings')
self._profile_cache = model._default_manager.using(
self._state.db).get(user__id__exact=self.id)
self._profile_cache.user = self
except (ImportError, ImproperlyConfigured):
raise SiteProfileNotAvailable
return self._profile_cache
我有一个表示用户个人资料的表单，我想显示用户的角色，我已经导入了我的表单中的两个对象，但我正在努力如何真正获得基于用户对象用户名的用户角色。
以下是我想要添加的确切位置：
from askbot.shibapp.models import ShibUser
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
def __init__(self, user, *args, **kwargs):
super(EditUserForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
logging.debug('initializing the form')
shib_user_role = ShibUser.objects.get(auth_user=4)
if askbot_settings.EDITABLE_SCREEN_NAME:
self.fields['username'] = UserNameField(label=_('Screen name'))
self.fields['username'].initial = user.username
self.fields['username'].user_instance = user
self.fields['email'].initial = user.email
self.fields['realname'].initial = user.real_name
self.fields['website'].initial = user.website
self.fields['city'].initial = user.location
if askbot_settings.EDITABLE_SCREEN_NAME:
self.fields['role'].initial = "test_role" (Instead of 'test_role')
我对django世界很新。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
好的，所以我认为你试图从auth.User.username转到ShibUser来执行此操作后面跟着ForeignKeys：
user = User.objects.get(username=username)
# for reverse relationships the foo_set is created by django enabling
# reverse relationship. You can override this by providing a related_name
shibuser = user.shibuser_set.get()
# Alternative syntax
shibuser = user.shibuser_set.all()[0]
从那里你可以获得你的ShibUser角色。如果每个用户可以存在多个ShibUser，那么您希望删除索引，而是使用ShibUser对象的查询集来处理。
如果每个用户只能存在一个ShibUser对象，则应该将其设置为OneToOneField而不是外键，事情会变得更简单：
shibuser = user.shibuser
最后，你甚至可以从ShibUser模型开始并使用它：
shibuser = ShibUser.objects.get(auth_user__username=username)
# Or if you already had the User object instance
shibuser = ShibUser.objects.get(auth_user=user)
请记住，根据方法，可能会出现几个异常：用户无法存在或者给定用户的ShibUser不存在。也许不止一个ShibUser可能与单个用户相关，因此.get（）调用将导致MultipleObjectsReturned异常。你的架构对你的用例来说不是很紧，听起来好像我可能会用OneToOneField改进它