严重：调度程序初始化失败无法加载配置

Question

我正在开发Struts 2应用程序，毕竟我遇到了以下错误。

SEVERE: Dispatcher initialization failed
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:245)
    at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
    ... 17 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: freemarker/cache/TemplateLoader
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:788)
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2918)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1174)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1669)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:144)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:216)
    ... 20 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1702)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
    ... 29 more

Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:501)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)
    ... 15 more
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:245)
    at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
    ... 17 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: freemarker/cache/TemplateLoader
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:788)
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2918)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1174)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1669)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:144)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:216)
    ... 20 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1702)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
    ... 29 more

Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Error filterStart
Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Context [/PcArcade] startup failed due to previous errors
Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 4877 ms

我甚至不能想到为什么会这样？我的其他文件如下，

操作文件

public class PcArcadeAction {

    public String execute()
     {
      String success="success";
      return success;
     }
}

的web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

 <display-name>PcArcade</display-name>
 <filter> 
      <filter-name> struts2</filter-name>
      <filter-class>
          org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
      </filter-class>
 </filter>

 <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

 <welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

我在 struts.xml 中收到错误，并显示公开标识符必须以单引号或双引号字符开头

这是我的文件夹结构：

Answer 1

正如例外明确指出的那样，

  

引起：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException：freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader

这只是一些丢失的罐子（在这种情况下为freemarker）的简单案例。

如果这是你第一次制作struts应用程序，我建议你从空白的struts战争开始。它是一个简单的deployabe war文件，包含成功部署和运行struts2项目所需的所有基本jar和资源/文件。

以下是war文件的direct link。

Answer 2

看起来缺少freemarker jar。这应该纠正当前的问题。 如果缺少其他依赖JAR，那么在此之后您将会有其他一些例外。

Answer 3

您只需检查是否添加了所有必需的.jar文件。这些是你必须添加的jar下面： 在你的lib中维护以下版本的jar。我想你不会遇到任何问题

antlr-2.7.6.jar

公地BeanUtils的-1.7.0.jar

公地集合-3.2.jar

公地digester.jar

公地文件上传-1.2.2.jar

公地-IO-2.4.jar

公地琅1.2.jar

共享记录-1.1.jar

的freemarker-2.3.16.jar

了Javassist-3.7.ga.jar

OGNL-3.0.jar

struts2的核 - 2.2.3.jar

XWork的核 - 2.2.1.jar