Question

我知道我之前已经问过这样的问题，但是我的代码更加清晰，而且我仍然遇到问题。

我的代码是这样的：

    class Email_Stuff:
        def Get_From_Email():
            #code to open up window and get email address
            emailaddr = #the input
            return emailaddr
        def Get_To_Email():
            #code to open up window and get to email address
            recipaddr = #the input
            return recipaddr
        def Get_Email_Address():
            #code to open up window and get email username
            EmailUser = #the input
            return EmailUser
        def Get_Email_Password():
            #code to open up window and get email password
            EmailPass = #the input
            return EmailPass
        def Send_Email():
            import smtplib
            server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
            server.login((EmailUser),(EmailPass))
            message = "Python Test Email"
            server.sendmail(emailaddr,recipaddr,message)

我需要将变量emailaddr，recipaddr，EmailUser和EmailPass添加到函数Send_Email中。我不知道我怎么能这样做，因为当我运行这段代码时，它告诉我“全局名称没有被定义”。

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

通过添加前缀“self”，使emailaddr，recipaddr，EmailUser和EmailPass成为实例变量。

class Email_Stuff():
    def Get_From_Email(self):
        #code to open up window and get email address
        self.emailaddr = #the input
    def Get_To_Email(self):
        #code to open up window and get to email address
        self.recipaddr = #the input
    def Get_Email_Address(self):
        #code to open up window and get email username
        self.EmailUser = #the input
    def Get_Email_Password(self):
        #code to open up window and get email password
        self.EmailPass = #the input
    def Send_Email(self):
        import smtplib
        server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
        server.login((self.EmailUser),(self.EmailPass))
        message = "Python Test Email"
        server.sendmail(self.emailaddr,self.recipaddr,self.message)

instance = Email_Stuff()
instance.Get_From_Email()
instance.Get_To_Email()
instance.Get_Email_Address()
instance.Get_Email_Password()
instance.Send_Email()

BTW，方法名称应为小写。

Answer 2

首先，如果您希望这些函数与与此类的实例关联的方法，那么每个方法都需要引用实例本身作为第一个参数，通常指定为self，尽管您可以命名它你喜欢什么。

例如：

 def Get_Email_Password(self):
    #code to open up window and get email password
    EmailPass = #the input
    return EmailPass

接下来，您有两个选项可以为sendmail准备好值。您可以在Send_Email方法中调用每个方法，并为每个方法存储返回的值。这看起来像这样：

def Send_Email(self):
    emailaddr = self.Get_For_Email()
    recipaddr = self.Get_Email_Address()
    ...

或者您可以将值存储为实例变量，而不是将其返回。所以，你会有这样的事情：

 def Get_Email_Password(self):
    #code to open up window and get email password
    EmailPass = #the input
    self.emailaddr = EmailPass

然后，在您的Send_Email方法中，您将引用已保存的实例变量：

def Send_Email(self):
    ...
    server.sendmail(self.emailaddr, self.recipaddr, self.message)

你如何选择这件事取决于你，但我更喜欢第一种方式。我还建议你阅读PEP8

在Python中调用内部函数的变量

2 个答案: