Question

这已经在这里以及其他网站和它的工作中多次出现过，但我希望通过其他方式提出建议：

使用导航或发布后获取ReadyState = Complete，而不使用DoEvents因为它的所有缺点。

我还要注意，使用DocumentComplete事件在这里没有帮助，因为我不会只在一个页面上导航，而是像这样一个接一个地导航。

wb.navigate("www.microsoft.com")
//dont use DoEvents loop here
wb.Document.Body.SetAttribute(textbox1, "login")
//dont use DoEvents loop here
if (wb.documenttext.contais("text"))
//do something

今天的方式是使用DoEvents进行工作。我想知道是否有人有一个正确的方法来等待浏览器方法的异步调用，然后继续其余的逻辑。只是为了它。

提前致谢。

Answer 1

以下是基本的WinForms应用代码，说明如何使用DocumentCompleted异步等待async/await事件。它一个接一个地导航到多个页面。一切都在主UI线程上进行。

不是调用this.webBrowser.Navigate(url)，而是可以模拟表单按钮点击，以触发POST样式的导航。

webBrowser.IsBusy异步循环逻辑是可选的，其目的是（非确定地）考虑页面的动态AJAX代码，该代码可能在window.onload事件之后发生。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WebBrowserApp
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        WebBrowser webBrowser;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            // create a WebBrowser
            this.webBrowser = new WebBrowser();
            this.webBrowser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            this.Controls.Add(this.webBrowser);

            this.Load += MainForm_Load;
        }

        // Form Load event handler
        async void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // cancel the whole operation in 30 sec
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(30000);

            var urls = new String[] { 
                    "http://www.example.com", 
                    "http://www.gnu.org", 
                    "http://www.debian.org" };

            await NavigateInLoopAsync(urls, cts.Token);
        }

        // navigate to each URL in a loop
        async Task NavigateInLoopAsync(string[] urls, CancellationToken ct)
        {
            foreach (var url in urls)
            {
                ct.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                var html = await NavigateAsync(ct, () => 
                    this.webBrowser.Navigate(url));
                Debug.Print("url: {0}, html: \n{1}", url, html);
            }
        }

        // asynchronous navigation
        async Task<string> NavigateAsync(CancellationToken ct, Action startNavigation)
        {
            var onloadTcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
            EventHandler onloadEventHandler = null;

            WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventHandler documentCompletedHandler = delegate
            {
                // DocumentCompleted may be called several time for the same page,
                // if the page has frames
                if (onloadEventHandler != null)
                    return;

                // so, observe DOM onload event to make sure the document is fully loaded
                onloadEventHandler = (s, e) =>
                    onloadTcs.TrySetResult(true);
                this.webBrowser.Document.Window.AttachEventHandler("onload", onloadEventHandler);
            };

            this.webBrowser.DocumentCompleted += documentCompletedHandler;
            try
            {
                using (ct.Register(() => onloadTcs.TrySetCanceled(), useSynchronizationContext: true))
                {
                    startNavigation();
                    // wait for DOM onload event, throw if cancelled
                    await onloadTcs.Task;
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                this.webBrowser.DocumentCompleted -= documentCompletedHandler;
                if (onloadEventHandler != null)
                    this.webBrowser.Document.Window.DetachEventHandler("onload", onloadEventHandler);
            }

            // the page has fully loaded by now

            // optional: let the page run its dynamic AJAX code,
            // we might add another timeout for this loop
            do { await Task.Delay(500, ct); }
            while (this.webBrowser.IsBusy);

            // return the page's HTML content
            return this.webBrowser.Document.GetElementsByTagName("html")[0].OuterHtml;
        }
    }
}

如果您希望通过控制台应用执行类似操作，请执行以下an example of that。

Answer 2

解决方案很简单：

    // MAKE SURE ReadyState = Complete
            while (WebBrowser1.ReadyState.ToString() != "Complete") {
                Application.DoEvents();         
            }

//转到您的子序列代码......

肮脏而快速..我是VBA的人，这个逻辑一直在工作，只花了我几天而没有找到C＃，但我只是想出了自己。

以下是我的完整功能，目标是从网页获取一段信息：

private int maxReloadAttempt = 3;
    private int currentAttempt = 1;

    private string GetCarrier(string webAddress)
    {
        WebBrowser WebBrowser_4MobileCarrier = new WebBrowser();
        string innerHtml;
        string strStartSearchFor = "subtitle block pull-left\">";
        string strEndSearchFor = "<";

        try
        {
            WebBrowser_4MobileCarrier.ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true;
            WebBrowser_4MobileCarrier.Navigate(webAddress); 

            // MAKE SURE ReadyState = Complete
            while (WebBrowser_4MobileCarrier.ReadyState.ToString() != "Complete") {
                Application.DoEvents();         
            }

            // LOAD HTML
            innerHtml = WebBrowser_4MobileCarrier.Document.Body.InnerHtml;  

            // ATTEMPT (x3) TO EXTRACT CARRIER STRING
            while (currentAttempt <=  maxReloadAttempt) {
                if (innerHtml.IndexOf(strStartSearchFor) >= 0)
                {
                    currentAttempt = 1; // Reset attempt counter
                    return Sub_String(innerHtml, strStartSearchFor, strEndSearchFor, "0"); // Method: "Sub_String" is my custom function
                }
                else
                {
                    currentAttempt += 1;    // Increment attempt counter
                    GetCarrier(webAddress); // Recursive method call
                } // End if
            } // End while
        }   // End Try

        catch //(Exception ex)
        {
        }
        return "Unavailable";
    }

Answer 3

这是一个“快速和肮脏”的解决方案。它不是100％万无一失，但它不会阻止UI线程，它应该是WebBrowser原型控制自动化程序的原型：

    private async void testButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        await Task.Factory.StartNew(
            () =>
            {
                stepTheWeb(() => wb.Navigate("www.yahoo.com"));
                stepTheWeb(() => wb.Navigate("www.microsoft.com"));
                stepTheWeb(() => wb.Navigate("asp.net"));
                stepTheWeb(() => wb.Document.InvokeScript("eval", new[] { "$('p').css('background-color','yellow')" }));
                bool testFlag = false;
                stepTheWeb(() => testFlag = wb.DocumentText.Contains("Get Started"));
                if (testFlag) {    /* TODO */ }
                // ... 
            }
        );
    }

    private void stepTheWeb(Action task)
    {
        this.Invoke(new Action(task));

        WebBrowserReadyState rs = WebBrowserReadyState.Interactive;
        while (rs != WebBrowserReadyState.Complete)
        {
            this.Invoke(new Action(() => rs = wb.ReadyState));
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(300);
        }
   }

以下是testButton_Click方法的更通用版本：

    private async void testButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var actions = new List<Action>()
            {
                () => wb.Navigate("www.yahoo.com"),
                () => wb.Navigate("www.microsoft.com"),
                () => wb.Navigate("asp.net"),
                () => wb.Document.InvokeScript("eval", new[] { "$('p').css('background-color','yellow')" }),
                () => {
                         bool testFlag = false;
                         testFlag  = wb.DocumentText.Contains("Get Started"); 
                         if (testFlag)  {   /*  TODO */  }
                       }
                //... 
            };

        await Task.Factory.StartNew(() => actions.ForEach((x)=> stepTheWeb (x)));  
    }

<强> [更新]

我通过借用和重新调整@Noseratio's NavigateAsync method from this topic来调整我的“快速和肮脏”样本。新的代码版本将在UI线程上下文中异步自动执行/执行，不仅是导航操作，还有Javascript / AJAX调用 - 任何“lamdas”/一个自动化步骤任务实现方法。

非常欢迎所有代码评论/评论。特别是来自@Noseratio。我们将共同创造这个世界;）

    public enum ActionTypeEnumeration
    {
        Navigation = 1,
        Javascript = 2,
        UIThreadDependent = 3,
        UNDEFINED = 99
    }

    public class ActionDescriptor
    {
        public Action Action { get; set; }
        public ActionTypeEnumeration ActionType { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Executes a set of WebBrowser control's Automation actions
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    ///  Test form shoudl ahve the following controls:
    ///    webBrowser1 - WebBrowser,
    ///    testbutton - Button,
    ///    testCheckBox - CheckBox,
    ///    totalHtmlLengthTextBox - TextBox
    /// </remarks> 
    private async void testButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(60000);

            var actions = new List<ActionDescriptor>()
            {
                new ActionDescriptor() { Action = ()=>  wb.Navigate("www.yahoo.com"), ActionType = ActionTypeEnumeration.Navigation}  ,
                new ActionDescriptor() { Action = () => wb.Navigate("www.microsoft.com"), ActionType = ActionTypeEnumeration.Navigation}  ,
                new ActionDescriptor() { Action = () => wb.Navigate("asp.net"), ActionType = ActionTypeEnumeration.Navigation}  ,
                new ActionDescriptor() { Action = () => wb.Document.InvokeScript("eval", new[] { "$('p').css('background-color','yellow')" }), ActionType = ActionTypeEnumeration.Javascript}, 
                new ActionDescriptor() { Action =
                () => {
                         testCheckBox.Checked = wb.DocumentText.Contains("Get Started"); 
                       },
                       ActionType = ActionTypeEnumeration.UIThreadDependent} 
                //... 
            };

            foreach (var action in actions)
            {
               string html = await ExecuteWebBrowserAutomationAction(cts.Token, action.Action, action.ActionType);
               // count HTML web page stats - just for fun
               int totalLength = 0;
               Int32.TryParse(totalHtmlLengthTextBox.Text, out totalLength);
               totalLength += !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(html) ? html.Length : 0;
               totalHtmlLengthTextBox.Text = totalLength.ToString();   
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Error");   
        }
    }

    // asynchronous WebBroswer control Automation
    async Task<string> ExecuteWebBrowserAutomationAction(
                            CancellationToken ct, 
                            Action runWebBrowserAutomationAction, 
                            ActionTypeEnumeration actionType = ActionTypeEnumeration.UNDEFINED)
    {
        var onloadTcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
        EventHandler onloadEventHandler = null;

        WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventHandler documentCompletedHandler = delegate
        {
            // DocumentCompleted may be called several times for the same page,
            // if the page has frames
            if (onloadEventHandler != null)
                return;

            // so, observe DOM onload event to make sure the document is fully loaded
            onloadEventHandler = (s, e) =>
                onloadTcs.TrySetResult(true);
            this.wb.Document.Window.AttachEventHandler("onload", onloadEventHandler);
        };


        this.wb.DocumentCompleted += documentCompletedHandler;
        try
        {
            using (ct.Register(() => onloadTcs.TrySetCanceled(), useSynchronizationContext: true))
            {
                runWebBrowserAutomationAction();

                if (actionType == ActionTypeEnumeration.Navigation)
                {
                    // wait for DOM onload event, throw if cancelled
                    await onloadTcs.Task;
                }
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            this.wb.DocumentCompleted -= documentCompletedHandler;
            if (onloadEventHandler != null)
                this.wb.Document.Window.DetachEventHandler("onload", onloadEventHandler);
        }

        // the page has fully loaded by now

        // optional: let the page run its dynamic AJAX code,
        // we might add another timeout for this loop
        do { await Task.Delay(500, ct); }
        while (this.wb.IsBusy);

        // return the page's HTML content
        return this.wb.Document.GetElementsByTagName("html")[0].OuterHtml;
    }

从WebBrowser控件获取ReadyState而不使用DoEvents

3 个答案: