iterator_category和decltype

时间:2014-01-31 13:38:24

标签: c++ c++11 iterator decltype

我正在通过第4版Bjarne Stroustrup的C ++书籍,并遇到了迭代器类别的问题。以下是基本上直接从未编译的书中复制的代码片段(第5.4.2.1章):

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <forward_list>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>

template<typename Ran>   // for random access iterators
void sort_helper(Ran beg, Ran end, std::random_access_iterator_tag) {
  std::sort(beg, end);
}

template<typename For>   // for forward access iterators
void sort_helper(For beg, For end, std::forward_iterator_tag) {
  std::vector<decltype(*beg)> v{beg,end}; // compilation fails here
  std::sort(v.begin(),v.end());
  std::copy(v.begin(),v.end(),beg);
}

template<typename C>
using Iterator_type = typename C::iterator;

template<typename Iter>
using Iterator_category = typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category;

template<typename C>
void sort(C& c) {
  using Iter = Iterator_type<C>;
  sort_helper(c.begin(), c.end(), Iterator_category<Iter>());
}

void test(std::vector<std::string>& v, std::forward_list<int>& lst) {
  sort(v);
  std::sort(v.begin(),v.end());
  sort(lst);
}

int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
  std::vector<std::string> sv {"c","b","d","a"};
  std::forward_list<int> fli {3,6,1,7,2,9,4};
  test(sv,fli);
  return 0;
}

如果我注释掉使用forward iterator标记的辅助函数的内容,那么一切都会编译并完美地运行。如果注释掉函数的内容,但用

替换decltype
std::vector<decltype(beg)> v{beg,end};

将编译,但是一旦我尝试包含排序,编译就会中断,因为如果我没有取消引用,那么排序就是试图对前向迭代器进行操作。如果我包含de-ref,则错误喷射难以解析,但看起来编译器试图将参数视为指向int的指针,并且它正在抱怨const违规等。

任何人都可以提供任何见解吗?

编辑:这是编译器错误喷出的第一个错误:

In file included from small_utils2.cpp:1:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/algorithm:594:
/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/memory:1656:16: error: 'pointer' declared as a pointer to a reference of type 'int &'
    typedef _Tp*              pointer;
               ^
/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/memory:1448:22: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__1::allocator<int &>' requested here
    typedef typename allocator_type::value_type value_type;
                     ^
/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/vector:330:22: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__1::allocator_traits<std::__1::allocator<int &> >' requested here
    typedef typename __alloc_traits::size_type       size_type;
                     ^
/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/vector:484:15: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__1::__vector_base<int &, std::__1::allocator<int &> >' requested here
    : private __vector_base<_Tp, _Allocator>
              ^
small_utils2.cpp:22:30: note: in instantiation of template class 'std::__1::vector<int &, std::__1::allocator<int &> >' requested here
        std::vector<decltype(*beg)> v{beg,end};
                                    ^
small_utils2.cpp:37:2: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'sort_helper<std::__1::__forward_list_iterator<std::__1::__forward_list_node<int, void *> *> >' requested here
        sort_helper(c.begin(), c.end(), Iterator_category<Iter>());
        ^
small_utils2.cpp:45:2: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'sort<std::__1::forward_list<int, std::__1::allocator<int> > >' requested here
        sort(lst);
        ^

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

std::vector<decltype(*beg)> v{beg,end};

*beg返回对向量的value_type对象的引用。您收到错误是因为您无法使用引用向量。

您可以使用std::remove_reference来放弃引用,也可以使用迭代器类型中公开的value_type成员:

std::vector<typename For::value_type> v{beg, end};
//          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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