有没有更有效的方法来做到这一点?

时间:2014-03-10 02:44:09

标签: c fork pipelining

首先,是的,这是我班上的实验室活动,但我已经提交并为这项练习辩护了。我想知道的是,如果有另一种方法,一种更有效的方式来编写这段代码。

我们的任务是编写一个创建进程的代码,该进程创建一个子进程,然后创建另一个子进程,最后创建另一个子进程。

*编辑:我将需求分开并编号,以提高可读性:)

  1. 最后一个孩子将显示系统中正在运行的当前进程。

  2. 然后它的父母会要求一个单词,然后使用用户的输入创建一个文件。

  3. 然后它的父母会要求一个单词或短语,然后在你机器的库中找到它(假设我输入了hi,它应该找到并列出包含hi&其目录的文件。喜欢这个词应该不重要)

  4. 最后,主要父母只会打印其父ID。

  5. 以下是我的完整代码:

    int main(void){ 
        char fileName[30];
        char phrase[30];
        int pid = fork();
        int fd[2];
        pipe(fd);
        if(pid==0){
            printf ("CHILD1: I am the 1st child\n");
            printf ("CHILD1: ID is %d \n", getpid());
            printf ("CHILD1: Parent ID is %d \n", getppid());
            int pid2 = fork();
            if(pid2==0){
                printf ("\t CHILD2: I am the 2nd child\n");
                printf ("\t CHILD2: ID is %d \n", getpid());
                printf ("\t CHILD2: Parent ID is %d \n", getppid());
                int pid3 = fork();      
                    if(pid3==0){
                        printf ("\t\t CHILD3: I am the 3rd child\n");
                        printf ("\t\t CHILD3: ID is %d \n", getpid());
                        printf ("\t\t CHILD3: Parent ID is %d \n", getppid());
                        execlp ("/usr/bin/top", "top", NULL);
                    }else if(pid3==-1){
                        printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
                        printf ("error");
                        exit(1);
                    }else{
                        wait(NULL);
                        printf ("\t CHILD2: Enter a filename: ");
                        scanf ("%s", fileName);
                        printf ("\t CHILD2: %s was succcessfully created!\n", fileName);
                        execlp ("/bin/touch", "touch", fileName, NULL); 
                    }
            }else if(pid2==-1){
                printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
                printf ("error");
                exit(1);
            }else{
                wait(NULL);
                int pid4 = fork();
                    if(pid4 > 0) {
                        printf ("CHILD1: Enter a pharse: ");
                        scanf ("%s", phrase);
                        close(fd[1]);
                        close(STDIN_FILENO);
                        dup2(fd[0],STDIN_FILENO);
                        execlp ("/bin/grep", "grep", phrase, NULL);
                    }else if (pid4 == 0) {
                        close(fd[0]);
                        close(STDOUT_FILENO);
                        dup2(fd[1],STDOUT_FILENO);
                        execlp ("/usr/bin/find", "find", NULL);
                    }else {
                        printf ("error");
                    }
            }       
        }else if(pid==-1){
            printf ("ID is %d", getpid());
            printf ("error");
            exit(1);
        }else{
            wait(NULL);
            printf ("PARENT: I am the parent\n");
            printf ("PARENT: ID is %d \n", getpid());
        }
    }
    

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

您的代码在运行时和行数方面似乎相当有效,但是一个主要功能,深度嵌套,对尝试阅读和理解您所做的事情的人类几乎没有帮助。

考虑另一个成语:一个更模块化的,其中进程的祖先(恕我直言)更容易被评论者遵循。 (我也调用了ps而不是top,因此在该步骤中不需要键盘交互。)

我的方法更“高效”吗?可以说是不,虽然我更喜欢这种按功能运行的方法更直接的编码。父母和子女过程的链接是人为的,但当然你的任务也是如此。

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/*
 * run the passed function in a child process, and return
 * from this function only if the child process runs and
 * exits with status of 0.
 */
static void
run_func_in_child(void (*f)())
{
    int status;
    pid_t pid = fork();

    switch (pid) {
    case -1:
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    case 0: /* child */
        (*f)();
        break;
    default: /* parent */
        if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
             perror("waitpid");
             exit(1);
        }
        if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
             return;
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "child did not exit cleanly\n");
        exit(1);
    }
}

/*
 * scanf would be simpler, but let's protect against buffer overruns
 */
static void
get_rsp(const char *prompt, char *buf, size_t blen)
{
    int bl;

    printf("%s: ", prompt);
    fflush(stdout);

    if (fgets(buf, blen, stdin) == NULL) {
        if (ferror(stdin)) {
            perror("read");
        }
        exit(1);
    }
    bl = strlen(buf);
    if (bl > 0 && buf[bl - 1] == '\n') {
        buf[bl - 1] = '\0';
    }
}

static void
child_4()
{
    execlp("/usr/bin/ps", "ps", "-www", "-e", "f", NULL);

    perror("exec /usr/bin/ps");
    exit(1);
}

static void
child_3()
{
    char buf[256];
    int fd;

    run_func_in_child(child_4);

    get_rsp("File name", buf, sizeof buf);

    if (access(buf, F_OK) == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s already exists\n", buf);
        exit(1);
    }

    if ((fd = creat(buf, 0644)) == -1) {
        perror("creat");
        exit(1);
    }
    close(fd);

    printf("Created empty file %s\n", buf);

    exit(0);
}

static void
child_2()
{
    char buf[80];
    int fd[2];
    pid_t pid;

    run_func_in_child(child_3);

    get_rsp("Phrase", buf, sizeof buf);

    if (pipe(fd) == -1) {
        perror("pipe");
        exit(1);
    }

    pid = fork();

    switch (pid) {
    case -1:
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    case 0:
        /* no explicit wait for this child-of-child
         * process, but when its parent (the grep) exits,
         * init becomes the parent, and does the wait
         */
        dup2(fd[1], 1);
        close(fd[0]);
        close(fd[1]);
        execlp("/usr/bin/find", "find", NULL);
        perror("exec of find");
        exit(1);
    default:
        dup2(fd[0], 0);
        close(fd[0]);
        close(fd[1]);
        execlp("/usr/bin/grep", "grep", buf, NULL);
        perror("exec of grep");
        exit(1);
    }
}

static void
child_1()
{
    run_func_in_child(child_2);

    printf("Child 1: pid is %d; ppid is %d\n", getpid(), getppid());

    exit(0);
}

int
main(int ac, char *av[])
{
    run_func_in_child(child_1);

    return 0;
}