我有一个async方法：
public async Task<string> GenerateCodeAsync()
{
string code = await GenerateCodeService.GenerateCodeAsync();
return code;
}
我需要从同步方法中调用此方法。
如何在不必复制GenerateCodeAsync方法的情况下执行此操作以使其同步工作？
更新
然而找不到合理的解决方案。
但是，我发现HttpClient已经实现了这个模式
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
{
// async
HttpResponseMessage responseAsync = await client.GetAsync(url);
// sync
HttpResponseMessage responseSync = client.GetAsync(url).Result;
}
答案 0 :(得分：250)
您可以访问任务的Result属性，这将导致您的线程阻塞，直到结果可用：
string code = GenerateCodeAsync().Result;
注意：在某些情况下，这可能会导致死锁：您对Result的调用会阻塞主线程，从而阻止执行其余的异步代码。您有以下选项可确保不会发生这种情况：
.ConfigureAwait(false) to your library method 或 在线程池线程中显式执行异步方法并等待它完成：
string code = Task.Run(GenerateCodeAsync).Result;
答案 1 :(得分：51)
您应该获取等待者（GetAwaiter()）并结束等待完成异步任务（GetResult()）。
string code = GenerateCodeAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
答案 2 :(得分：28)
您应该能够使用委托，lambda表达式
完成此操作private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
label1.Text = "waiting....";
Task<string> sCode = Task.Run(async () =>
{
string msg =await GenerateCodeAsync();
return msg;
});
label1.Text += sCode.Result;
}
private Task<string> GenerateCodeAsync()
{
return Task.Run<string>(() => GenerateCode());
}
private string GenerateCode()
{
Thread.Sleep(2000);
return "I m back" ;
}
答案 3 :(得分：20)
我需要从同步方法中调用此方法。
另一个答案显示，GenerateCodeAsync().Result或GenerateCodeAsync().Wait()可以使用GenerateCodeAsync或await。这将阻止当前线程，直到GenerateCodeAsync完成。
但是，您的问题标有asp.net，您还留下了评论：
我希望有一个更简单的解决方案，认为asp.net已经处理完了 这比编写如此多的代码行更容易
我的观点是，你不应该阻止在ASP.NET中的异步方法。这会降低您的Web应用程序的可伸缩性，并可能造成死锁（当AspNetSynchronizationContext内的Task.Run(...).Result延续发布到AsyncManager时）。使用PageAsyncTask将某些东西卸载到池线程然后阻塞会进一步损害可伸缩性，因为它会导致+1更多线程来处理给定的HTTP请求。
ASP.NET通过异步控制器（在ASP.NET MVC和Web API中）或直接通过经典ASP.NET中的{{1}}和{{1}}内置了对异步方法的支持。你应该使用它。有关详细信息，请查看this answer。
答案 4 :(得分：16)
Microsoft Identity具有同步调用异步方法的扩展方法。 例如，有GenerateUserIdentityAsync（）方法，并且等于CreateIdentity（）
如果查看UserManagerExtensions.CreateIdentity（） 它看起来像这样：
public static ClaimsIdentity CreateIdentity<TUser, TKey>(this UserManager<TUser, TKey> manager, TUser user,
string authenticationType)
where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>
where TUser : class, IUser<TKey>
{
if (manager == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("manager");
}
return AsyncHelper.RunSync(() => manager.CreateIdentityAsync(user, authenticationType));
}
现在让我们看看AsyncHelper.RunSync做什么
public static TResult RunSync<TResult>(Func<Task<TResult>> func)
{
var cultureUi = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
var culture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
return _myTaskFactory.StartNew(() =>
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureUi;
return func();
}).Unwrap().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
因此，这是异步方法的包装器。 请不要从结果中读取数据 - 它可能会阻止您在ASP中的代码。
还有另一种方式 - 这对我来说很可疑，但你也可以考虑它
Result r = null;
YourAsyncMethod()
.ContinueWith(t =>
{
r = t.Result;
})
.Wait();
答案 5 :(得分：5)
为防止死锁，当我必须同步调用@Heinzi提到的异步方法时，我总是尝试使用Task.Run()。
但是，如果异步方法使用参数，则必须修改该方法。例如Task.Run(GenerateCodeAsync("test")).Result给出错误：
参数1：无法从“
System.Threading.Tasks.Task<string>”转换 转到“ System.Action”
可以这样称呼它：
string code = Task.Run(() => GenerateCodeAsync("test")).Result;
答案 6 :(得分：1)
另一种方法是，如果您要等到任务完成：
var t = GenerateCodeService.GenerateCodeAsync();
Task.WhenAll(t);
string code = t.Result;
答案 7 :(得分：1)
此线程上的大多数答案很复杂，否则将导致死锁。
以下方法很简单，并且可以避免死锁，因为我们正在等待任务完成，然后才能获得结果-
var task = Task.Run(() => GenerateCodeAsync());
task.Wait();
string code = task.Result;
此外，这是对MSDN文章的引用，该文章讨论的是完全相同的内容- https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/jpsanders/2017/08/28/asp-net-do-not-use-task-result-in-main-context/
答案 8 :(得分：1)
我正在使用这种方法：
private string RunSync()
{
var task = Task.Run(async () => await GenerateCodeService.GenerateCodeAsync());
if (task.IsFaulted && task.Exception != null)
{
throw task.Exception;
}
return task.Result;
}
答案 9 :(得分：1)
一些异步等待异步操作完成的扩展方法怎么样，然后设置一个 ManualResetEvent 来指示完成。
注意：您可以使用 Task.Run()，但是扩展方法是一个更清晰的界面，用于表达您真正想要的内容。
[TestClass]
public class TaskExtensionsTests
{
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithNoResult()
{
SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResult().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithResult()
{
Assert.AreEqual(3, SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResult(3).AwaitResult());
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResultThrows().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResultThrows(3).AwaitResult();
}
private static async Task SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResult()
{
await Task.Yield();
}
private static async Task<T> SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResult<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
return result;
}
private static async Task SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
private static async Task<T> SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResultThrows<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResult()
{
SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResult().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithResult()
{
Assert.AreEqual(3, SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResult(3).AwaitResult());
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResultThrows().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResultThrows(3).AwaitResult();
}
private static async ValueTask SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResult()
{
await Task.Yield();
}
private static async ValueTask<T> SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResult<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
return result;
}
private static async ValueTask SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
private static async ValueTask<T> SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResultThrows<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Defines extension methods for <see cref="Task"/> and <see cref="ValueTask"/>.
/// </summary>
public static class TaskExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking; ignoring cancellation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitCompletion(this ValueTask task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task, true).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking; ignoring cancellation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitCompletion(this Task task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task, true).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// The result type of the operation.
/// </typeparam>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the operation.
/// </returns>
public static T AwaitResult<T>(this Task<T> task)
{
return new SynchronousAwaiter<T>(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitResult(this Task task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// The result type of the operation.
/// </typeparam>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the operation.
/// </returns>
public static T AwaitResult<T>(this ValueTask<T> task)
{
return new SynchronousAwaiter<T>(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitResult(this ValueTask task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> if the operation is cancelled.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is to be ignored.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is ignored.
/// </returns>
public static async Task IgnoreCancellationResult(this Task task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> if the operation is cancelled.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is to be ignored.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is ignored.
/// </returns>
public static async ValueTask IgnoreCancellationResult(this ValueTask task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the results of an asynchronous operation allowing it to run and die silently in the background.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose results are to be ignored.
/// </param>
public static async void IgnoreResult(this Task task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch
{
// ignore exceptions
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the results of an asynchronous operation allowing it to run and die silently in the background.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose results are to be ignored.
/// </param>
public static async void IgnoreResult(this ValueTask task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch
{
// ignore exceptions
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Internal class for waiting for asynchronous operations that have a result.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TResult">
/// The result type.
/// </typeparam>
public class SynchronousAwaiter<TResult>
{
/// <summary>
/// The manual reset event signaling completion.
/// </summary>
private readonly ManualResetEvent manualResetEvent;
/// <summary>
/// The exception thrown by the asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
private Exception exception;
/// <summary>
/// The result of the asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
private TResult result;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(Task<TResult> task)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(ValueTask<TResult> task)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether the operation is complete.
/// </summary>
public bool IsComplete => this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne(0);
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously get the result of an asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the asynchronous operation.
/// </returns>
public TResult GetResult()
{
this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne();
return this.exception != null ? throw this.exception : this.result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tries to synchronously get the result of an asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="operationResult">
/// The result of the operation.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the asynchronous operation.
/// </returns>
public bool TryGetResult(out TResult operationResult)
{
if (this.IsComplete)
{
operationResult = this.exception != null ? throw this.exception : this.result;
return true;
}
operationResult = default;
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(Task<TResult> task)
{
try
{
this.result = await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(ValueTask<TResult> task)
{
try
{
this.result = await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Internal class for waiting for asynchronous operations that have no result.
/// </summary>
public class SynchronousAwaiter
{
/// <summary>
/// The manual reset event signaling completion.
/// </summary>
private readonly ManualResetEvent manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
/// <summary>
/// The exception thrown by the asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
private Exception exception;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(Task task, bool ignoreCancellation = false)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task, ignoreCancellation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(ValueTask task, bool ignoreCancellation = false)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task, ignoreCancellation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether the operation is complete.
/// </summary>
public bool IsComplete => this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne(0);
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously get the result of an asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
public void GetResult()
{
this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne();
if (this.exception != null)
{
throw this.exception;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(Task task, bool ignoreCancellation)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(ValueTask task, bool ignoreCancellation)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
}
}
答案 10 :(得分：0)
如果您有一个名为“ RefreshList ”的异步方法，则可以从如下所示的非异步方法中调用该异步方法。
Task.Run(async () => { await RefreshList(); });
答案 11 :(得分：0)
我更喜欢非阻塞方法：
Dim aw1=GenerateCodeAsync().GetAwaiter()
While Not aw1.IsCompleted
Application.DoEvents()
End While
答案 12 :(得分：0)
编辑：
Task具有Wait方法Task.Wait（），该方法等待“承诺”解决，然后继续执行，从而使其同步。 例如：
async Task<String> MyAsyncMethod() { ... }
String mySyncMethod() {
return MyAsyncMethod().Wait();
}