在地图中绘制具有定义距离半径的圆

时间:2014-04-14 21:46:31

标签: r geometry maps geographic-distance

我能够绘制地图和标题的特定点:

library(maps)
map("state")
text(-80.83,35.19,"Charlotte",cex=.6)

我还可以绘制一个以该点为中心的圆圈:

symbols(-80.83,35.19,circles=2, add=TRUE)

但是,我想控制圆圈的大小。特别是,我想在data.frame,矩阵或列表中包含的多个位置周围绘制一个半径为100英里的圆。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

Gary的命题很适合平面地图,但不能应用于“地图”包生成的地图,因为它不会处理用于绘制地图的投影。严格应用,它会导致绘制一个椭圆(见下文),因为圆半径的单位是度,但不是公里或英里。但纬度和经度的度数不对应于相同的物理距离。要绘制一个圆周点或一个接近圆的东西,其半径是以英里或公里为单位的恒定距离,您需要计算有关投影的校正坐标。根据{{​​3}}的Chris Veness解释你的功能并使其适应,你的功能变为:

library(maps)
library(mapdata)#For the worldHires database
library(mapproj)#For the mapproject function
plotElipse <- function(x, y, r) {#Gary's function ;-)
   angles <- seq(0,2*pi,length.out=360)
   lines(r*cos(angles)+x,r*sin(angles)+y)
}
plotCircle <- function(LonDec, LatDec, Km) {#Corrected function
    #LatDec = latitude in decimal degrees of the center of the circle
    #LonDec = longitude in decimal degrees
    #Km = radius of the circle in kilometers
    ER <- 6371 #Mean Earth radius in kilometers. Change this to 3959 and you will have your function working in miles.
    AngDeg <- seq(1:360) #angles in degrees 
    Lat1Rad <- LatDec*(pi/180)#Latitude of the center of the circle in radians
    Lon1Rad <- LonDec*(pi/180)#Longitude of the center of the circle in radians
    AngRad <- AngDeg*(pi/180)#angles in radians
    Lat2Rad <-asin(sin(Lat1Rad)*cos(Km/ER)+cos(Lat1Rad)*sin(Km/ER)*cos(AngRad)) #Latitude of each point of the circle rearding to angle in radians
    Lon2Rad <- Lon1Rad+atan2(sin(AngRad)*sin(Km/ER)*cos(Lat1Rad),cos(Km/ER)-sin(Lat1Rad)*sin(Lat2Rad))#Longitude of each point of the circle rearding to angle in radians
    Lat2Deg <- Lat2Rad*(180/pi)#Latitude of each point of the circle rearding to angle in degrees (conversion of radians to degrees deg = rad*(180/pi) )
    Lon2Deg <- Lon2Rad*(180/pi)#Longitude of each point of the circle rearding to angle in degrees (conversion of radians to degrees deg = rad*(180/pi) )
    polygon(Lon2Deg,Lat2Deg,lty=2)
}
map("worldHires", region="belgium")#draw a map of Belgium (yes i am Belgian ;-)
bruxelles <- mapproject(4.330,50.830)#coordinates of Bruxelles
points(bruxelles,pch=20,col='blue',cex=2)#draw a blue dot for Bruxelles
plotCircle(4.330,50.830,50)#Plot a dashed circle of 50 km arround Bruxelles 
plotElipse(4.330,50.830,0.5)#Tries to plot a plain circle of 50 km arround Bruxelles, but drawn an ellipse

Result in image

(对不起,我的“声望”不允许我发布图片;-)。编辑:添加了您的图片。

我希望这会有所帮助。 格雷

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您可以编写一个功能来自定义圆圈的外观。例如:

plotCircle <- function(x, y, r) {
  angles <- seq(0,2*pi,length.out=360)
  lines(r*cos(angles)+x,r*sin(angles)+y)
}

然后,如果您在数据框中有一组坐标:

coords <- data.frame(x = c(-1,0,1), y = c(-1, 0.5, 1))

您可以从一些初始情节(地图或空图等)开​​始

plot(1,type='n',xlim=c(-2,2),ylim=c(-2,2))

然后在坐标列表上调用绘图功能:

apply(coords,1,function(df) plotCircle(df[1],df[2],.3))
相关问题