Question

目的是从目录中的文件列表中排除某些文件（名称中包含“actors”）。这里我们有一个包含13个jar文件的目录：

12:58:42/mllib $for f in $SCALA_HOME/lib/*.jar; do echo $f; done
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/akka-actors.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/diffutils.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/jline.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/process-0.1.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-actors-migration.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-actors.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-compiler.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-library.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-partest.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-reflect.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-swing.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scalap.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/typesafe-config.jar

目的是过滤掉/排除包含模式“actor”的jar文件。怎么做？以下是我尝试理解排除模式的注意事项（注意：排除项不是正则表达式，尽管它们看起来可能与[]相似：

a. Specify to exclude files containing "actors" string:
12:58:38/mllib $for f in $SCALA_HOME/lib/*[!actors*].jar; do echo $f; done
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/jline.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/process-0.1.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-actors-migration.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-library.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-swing.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scalap.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/typesafe-config.jar

嗯，它排除了scala-actors.jar。但是..它还排除了其他五个罐子并且*不*排除了scala-actors-migration.jar。

OOC让我们尝试逆向 - 即仅包括演员模式。由于我不熟悉语法，让我们尝试两种不同的方式：

尝试使用 actors .jar包含文件：

12:58:52/mllib $for f in $SCALA_HOME/lib/*[actors*].jar; do echo $f; done
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/akka-actors.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/diffutils.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-actors.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-compiler.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-partest.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-reflect.jar

尝试在最后只包含* actors.jar的文件：

12:59:07/mllib $for f in $SCALA_HOME/lib/*[actors].jar; do echo $f; done
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/akka-actors.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/diffutils.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-actors.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-compiler.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-partest.jar
/usr/local/Cellar/scala/2.10.2/libexec/lib/scala-reflect.jar

如果没有进一步讨论排除如何真正起作用，所有这些结果都无法解释。

Answer 1

如果您要列出/删除名称中包含"actor"的所有文件但，则应执行以下操作：

echo ${SCALA_HOME}/lib/!(*actor*.jar)

您尝试的问题相当简单：您应该使用(...)代替[...]。

循环排除结果的bash说明

1 个答案: