Question

问题

我们有一个Tomcat 7.0.35运行25个webapps，它们共享相同的库，具有相同的版本（保证永远不会改变！）。我想，而不是每个项目加载相同的库，我可以将它们移动到${catalina.home}/lib，这导致所需的内存负载减少。

然而，这需要付出代价：每个Web应用程序的部署时间从5秒增加到2分钟，这是不可行的！

我做了一些阅读（例如Class Loader HOW-TO），遗憾的是我无法找到减少启动时间的方法。有没有办法解决这个问题？

请求的分析信息

我在两个不同的场景中运行了jstack和jvisualvm，我将在此处提供一些调查结果（如果您需要其他信息，请与我们联系）：

每个项目特定的库似乎都加载了：org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findResourceInternal
运行方法的线程的jstack输出：

"localhost-startStop-1" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00007f17f8001800 nid=0x13b8 runnable [0x00007f183c800000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.text.MessageFormat.subformat(MessageFormat.java:1250)
        at java.text.MessageFormat.format(MessageFormat.java:819)
        at org.apache.naming.StringManager.getString(StringManager.java:145)
        at org.apache.naming.resources.BaseDirContext.lookup(BaseDirContext.java:500)
        at org.apache.naming.resources.ProxyDirContext.lookup(ProxyDirContext.java:310)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findResourceInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:3011)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findResource(WebappClassLoader.java:1262)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(WebappClassLoader.java:1499)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2302)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2294)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2308)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2291)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.checkHandlesTypes(ContextConfig.java:2197)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2154)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2034)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1990)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1976)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1326)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:882)
        - locked <0x00000007f52f3ec0> (a org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:379)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5343)
        - locked <0x00000007f52f3bb8> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
        - locked <0x00000007f52f3bb8> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:879)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:636)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1236)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1877)
        at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - <0x00000007846dfc70> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

项目之间共享的库似乎已加载：
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.getResourceAsStream导致令人难以置信的部署时间。在项目部署期间，JVisualVM为此方法显示98％+“自我时间” 运行方法的线程的jstack输出：

"localhost-startStop-1" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00007f6280001000 nid=0x6ba3 runnable [0x00007f62c4950000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
        at java.util.jar.Attributes$Name.<init>(Attributes.java:466)
        at java.util.jar.Attributes.putValue(Attributes.java:168)
        at java.util.jar.Attributes.read(Attributes.java:421)
        at java.util.jar.Manifest.read(Manifest.java:251)
        at sun.security.util.SignatureFileVerifier.processImpl(SignatureFileVerifier.java:252)
        at sun.security.util.SignatureFileVerifier.process(SignatureFileVerifier.java:239)
        at java.util.jar.JarVerifier.processEntry(JarVerifier.java:307)
        at java.util.jar.JarVerifier.update(JarVerifier.java:218)
        at java.util.jar.JarFile.initializeVerifier(JarFile.java:345)
        at java.util.jar.JarFile.getInputStream(JarFile.java:412)
        - locked <0x00000007e8e9d890> (a sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile)
        at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarURLConnection.getInputStream(JarURLConnection.java:162)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(URLClassLoader.java:233)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(WebappClassLoader.java:1528)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2302)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2294)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2308)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateJavaClassCache(ContextConfig.java:2294)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.checkHandlesTypes(ContextConfig.java:2197)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2154)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2034)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1990)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1976)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1326)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:882)
        - locked <0x00000007858db6e0> (a org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:379)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:118)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:91)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5346)
        - locked <0x00000007858db318> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
        - locked <0x00000007858db318> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:879)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:636)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1236)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1877)
        at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - <0x000000078460e618> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

Answer 1

WebappClassLoader首先搜索自己的类路径。因此，对于不在本地类路径中的每个类，将查看所有jar文件。只有这样，它才会查看公共类加载器的委托。

假设查看所有战争的罐子需要花费x倍的时间，对于罐子，其父类装载器需要花费大量时间。

平均从正确的类加载器加载一个类将花费一半的时间来扫描它们。

从WebappClassLoader加载一个类需要x / 2次。

从父类加载器加载一个类将需要x + y / 2.

根据x和y，您可以更改使用类加载器的顺序。如果y大于x，则应保持默认设置，如果x大于您可以尝试反转查找顺序。如果这样做，从公共类加载器加载一个类将需要y / 2次，但WebappClassLoader中的类将需要y + x / 2.

WebbappClassLoader具有此设置的委托属性，它应为true。见Common Attributes

Answer 2

简而言之：在shared.loader

中为conf/catalina.properties添加值

shared.loader=shared/*.jar

更多的话：

# List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "shared"
# classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type.
# Path may be relative to the CATALINA_BASE path or absolute. If left as blank,
# the "common" loader will be used as Catalina's "shared" loader.
# Examples:
#     "foo": Add this folder as a class repository
#     "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class
#                  repositories
#     "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository
# Please note that for single jars, e.g. bar.jar, you need the URL form
# starting with file:.
shared.loader=shared/*.jar

默认情况下，Tomcat 6+具有层次结构http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/class-loader-howto.html

  Bootstrap
      |
   System
      |
   Common
   /     \
Webapp1   Webapp2 ...

与5.5 http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/class-loader-howto.html

中的默认值进行比较

 Bootstrap
      |
   System
      |
   Common
  /      \
Catalina Shared
         /   \
    Webapp1  Webapp2 ...

因此，通过启用只包含您的jar的共享位置，以及与已经有21个罐子的Tomcat lib文件夹分开，您可以获得至少更清晰的罐子视图。

为什么Tomcat使用共享库开始这么慢？

2 个答案: