我对此很新。我遵循了一个教程（kilobolt by James Cho），似乎它实现了双缓冲，显然可以防止动画闪烁。但尽管它动画仍然闪烁。 但它只是在动画的初次使用时闪烁。之后再也不会发生了。我该如何解决？
package kiloboltgame;
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import kiloboltgame.framework.Animation;
public class StartingClass extends Applet implements Runnable, KeyListener {
enum GameState {
Running, Dead
}
GameState state = GameState.Running;
private static Robot robot;
public static Heliboy hb, hb2;
public static int score = 0;
private Font font = new Font(null, Font.BOLD, 30);
private Image image, currentSprite, character, character2, character3,
characterDown, characterJumped, background, heliboy, heliboy2,
heliboy3, heliboy4, heliboy5;
//
private Image vayneRun[] = new Image[11];
private Image vayneIdle[] = new Image[12];
private Image vayneTumble[] = new Image[8];
private Animation vi, vr, vt;
// private boolean tumble = false;
//
public static Image tilegrassTop, tilegrassBot, tilegrassLeft,
tilegrassRight, tiledirt;
private Graphics second;
private URL base;
private static Background bg1, bg2;
private Animation anim, hanim;
private ArrayList<Tile> tilearray = new ArrayList<Tile>();
@Override
public void init() {
setSize(800, 480);
setBackground(Color.BLACK);
setFocusable(true);
addKeyListener(this);
Frame frame = (Frame) this.getParent().getParent();
frame.setTitle("Q-Bot Alpha");
try {
base = getDocumentBase();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
// Image Setups
character = getImage(base, "data/character.png");
character2 = getImage(base, "data/character2.png");
character3 = getImage(base, "data/character3.png");
characterDown = getImage(base, "data/down.png");
characterJumped = getImage(base, "data/jumped.png");
heliboy = getImage(base, "data/heliboy.png");
heliboy2 = getImage(base, "data/heliboy2.png");
heliboy3 = getImage(base, "data/heliboy3.png");
heliboy4 = getImage(base, "data/heliboy4.png");
heliboy5 = getImage(base, "data/heliboy5.png");
background = getImage(base, "data/background.png");
tiledirt = getImage(base, "data/tiledirt.png");
tilegrassTop = getImage(base, "data/tilegrasstop.png");
tilegrassBot = getImage(base, "data/tilegrassbot.png");
tilegrassLeft = getImage(base, "data/tilegrassleft.png");
tilegrassRight = getImage(base, "data/tilegrassright.png");
vi = new Animation();
vr = new Animation();
vt = new Animation();
for (int i = 0; i < vayneRun.length; i++) {
if (i < 10) {
vayneRun[i] = getImage(base, "data/Vayne Running000" + i
+ ".png");
} else if (i < 100) {
vayneRun[i] = getImage(base, "data/Vayne Running00" + i
+ ".png");
}
vr.addFrame(vayneRun[i], 50);
}
for (int i = 0; i < vayneIdle.length; i++) {
if (i < 10) {
vayneIdle[i] = getImage(base, "data/Vayne Idle000" + i + ".png");
} else if (i < 100) {
vayneIdle[i] = getImage(base, "data/Vayne Idle00" + i + ".png");
}
vi.addFrame(vayneIdle[i], 75);
}
for (int i = 0; i < vayneTumble.length; i++) {
if (i < 10) {
vayneTumble[i] = getImage(base, "data/Vayne Tumble000" + i
+ ".png");
} else if (i < 100) {
vayneTumble[i] = getImage(base, "data/Vayne Tumble00" + i
+ ".png");
}
vt.addFrame(vayneTumble[i], 50);
}
anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(character, 1250);
anim.addFrame(character2, 50);
anim.addFrame(character3, 50);
anim.addFrame(character2, 50);
hanim = new Animation();
hanim.addFrame(heliboy, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy2, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy3, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy4, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy5, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy4, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy3, 100);
hanim.addFrame(heliboy2, 100);
// currentSprite = anim.getImage();
}
@Override
public void start() {
bg1 = new Background(0, 0);
bg2 = new Background(2160, 0);
robot = new Robot();
// Initialize Tiles
try {
loadMap("data/map1.txt");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
hb = new Heliboy(340, 360);
hb2 = new Heliboy(700, 360);
Thread thread = new Thread(this);
thread.start();
}
private void loadMap(String filename) throws IOException {
ArrayList lines = new ArrayList();
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename));
while (true) {
String line = reader.readLine();
// no more lines to read
if (line == null) {
reader.close();
break;
}
if (!line.startsWith("!")) {
lines.add(line);
width = Math.max(width, line.length());
}
}
height = lines.size();
for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++) {
String line = (String) lines.get(j);
for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
if (i < line.length()) {
char ch = line.charAt(i);
Tile t = new Tile(i, j, Character.getNumericValue(ch));
tilearray.add(t);
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void stop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (state == GameState.Running) {
while (true) {
robot.update();
ArrayList projectiles = robot.getProjectiles();
for (int i = 0; i < projectiles.size(); i++) {
Projectile p = (Projectile) projectiles.get(i);
if (p.isVisible() == true) {
p.update();
} else {
projectiles.remove(i);
}
}
updateTiles();
hb.update();
hb2.update();
bg1.update();
bg2.update();
animate();
repaint();
try {
Thread.sleep(17);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (robot.getCenterY() > 500) {
state = GameState.Dead;
}
}
}
}
public void animate() {
// anim.update(10);
hanim.update(50);
if (robot.isJumped()) {
currentSprite = vayneTumble[1];
} else if (robot.isTumble()) {
vt.update(10);
if (vt.getAnimTime() == 10)// if tumble done
{
robot.setReadyToJump(true);
robot.setTumble(false);
} else {
currentSprite = vt.getImage();
}
} else if (robot.getSpeedX() > 0)// if moving right
{
vr.update(10);
currentSprite = vr.getImage();
} else if (robot.isJumped() == false && robot.isDucked() == false) {
// if not moving at all
vi.update(10);
currentSprite = vi.getImage();
// vi.update(10);
}
}
@Override
public void update(Graphics g) {
if (image == null) {
image = createImage(this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
second = image.getGraphics();
}
second.setColor(getBackground());
second.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
second.setColor(getForeground());
paint(second);
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
if (state == GameState.Running) {
g.drawImage(background, bg1.getBgX(), bg1.getBgY(), this);
g.drawImage(background, bg2.getBgX(), bg2.getBgY(), this);
paintTiles(g);
ArrayList projectiles = robot.getProjectiles();
for (int i = 0; i < projectiles.size(); i++) {
Projectile p = (Projectile) projectiles.get(i);
g.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
g.fillRect(p.getX(), p.getY(), 10, 5);
}
g.drawImage(currentSprite, robot.getCenterX() - 90,
robot.getCenterY() - 50, this);
g.drawImage(hanim.getImage(), hb.getCenterX() - 48,
hb.getCenterY() - 48, this);
g.drawImage(hanim.getImage(), hb2.getCenterX() - 48,
hb2.getCenterY() - 48, this);
g.setFont(font);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.drawString(Integer.toString(score), 740, 30);
g.drawRect((int) robot.rect.getX(), (int) robot.rect.getY(),
(int) robot.rect.getWidth(), (int) robot.rect.getHeight());
g.drawRect((int) robot.rect2.getX(), (int) robot.rect2.getY(),
(int) robot.rect2.getWidth(), (int) robot.rect2.getHeight());
g.drawRect((int) robot.rect3.getX(), (int) robot.rect3.getY(),
(int) robot.rect3.getWidth(), (int) robot.rect3.getHeight());
g.drawRect((int) robot.rect4.getX(), (int) robot.rect4.getY(),
(int) robot.rect4.getWidth(), (int) robot.rect4.getHeight());
g.drawRect((int) robot.footleft.getX(),
(int) robot.footleft.getY(),
(int) robot.footleft.getWidth(),
(int) robot.footleft.getHeight());
g.drawRect((int) robot.footright.getX(),
(int) robot.footright.getY(),
(int) robot.footright.getWidth(),
(int) robot.footright.getHeight());
} else if (state == GameState.Dead) {
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.fillRect(0, 0, 800, 480);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.drawString("Dead", 360, 240);
}
}
private void updateTiles() {
for (int i = 0; i < tilearray.size(); i++) {
Tile t = (Tile) tilearray.get(i);
t.update();
}
}
private void paintTiles(Graphics g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tilearray.size(); i++) {
Tile t = (Tile) tilearray.get(i);
g.drawImage(t.getTileImage(), t.getTileX(), t.getTileY(), this);
}
}
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
switch (e.getKeyCode()) {
case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
System.out.println("Move up");
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
// currentSprite = characterDown;
if (robot.isJumped() == false) {
robot.setDucked(true);
robot.setSpeedX(0);
}
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
robot.moveLeft();
robot.setMovingLeft(true);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
robot.moveRight();
robot.setMovingRight(true);
// if (robot.isDucked()) {
// robot.setTumble(true);
// }
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:
if(robot.isReadyToJump())
robot.jump();
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL:
if (robot.isDucked() == false && robot.isReadyToFire()// &&
// == false
) {
robot.shoot();
robot.setReadyToFire(false);
}
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_Q:
robot.setReadyToFire(false);
robot.setReadyToJump(false);
break;
}
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
switch (e.getKeyCode()) {
case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
System.out.println("Stop moving up");
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
// currentSprite = anim.getImage();
robot.setDucked(false);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
robot.stopLeft();
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
robot.stopRight();
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL:
robot.setReadyToFire(true);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_Q:
if (!robot.isTumble()) {
robot.setTumble(true);
robot.setReadyToFire(true);
}
break;
}
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public static Background getBg1() {
return bg1;
}
public static Background getBg2() {
return bg2;
}
public static Robot getRobot() {
return robot;
}
}