Python:如何格式化固定宽度的数字?

时间:2014-07-25 16:22:52

标签: python string numbers fixed-width

让我们说

numbers = [ 0.7653, 10.2, 100.2325, 500.9874 ]

我想通过改变小数位数来输出具有固定宽度的数字,以获得这样的输出:

0.7653
10.200
100.23
500.98

有一种简单的方法吗?我一直在尝试各种%f%d配置而没有运气。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:15)

合并两个str.format / format来电:

numbers = [ 0.7653, 10.2, 100.2325, 500.9874 ]
>>> for n in numbers:
...     print('{:.6s}'.format('{:0.4f}'.format(n)))
...     #  OR format(format(n, '0.4f'), '.6s')
...
0.7653
10.200
100.23
500.98

% operators

>>> for n in numbers:
...     print('%.6s' % ('%.4f' % n))
...
0.7653
10.200
100.23
500.98

或者,您可以使用slicing

>>> for n in numbers:
...     print(('%.4f' % n)[:6])
...
0.7653
10.200
100.23
500.98

答案 1 :(得分:2)

不幸的是,这个问题没有开箱即用的解决方案。此外,使用字符串切片的解决方案不能充分处理舍入和溢出。

因此,似乎必须编写一个这样的函数:

// simple MCVE example class that mocks the functioning of your class
public class MockCopyService extends SwingWorker<Void, Integer> {
    public static final String COPY = "copy";
    private List<File> fileList = new ArrayList<>();

    public MockCopyService() {

    }

    public int getFileListSize() {
        // the real return:
        // return fileList.size();

        // the mock return:
        return 10;
    }

    public void copyImagesToTempFolder() {
        for (int i = 0; i < getFileListSize(); i++) {
            System.out.println("copying file");
            int fileProgress = (100 * i) / getFileListSize();
            // notify listeners
            setProgress(fileProgress);
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        setProgress(getFileListSize());
    }

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground() throws Exception {
        copyImagesToTempFolder();
        return null;
    }
}

产生的行为:

def to_fixed_width(n, max_width, allow_overflow = True, do_round = True):
    if do_round:
        for i in range(max_width - 2, -1, -1):
            str0 = '{:.{}f}'.format(n, i)
            if len(str0) <= max_width:
                break
    else:
        str0 = '{:.42f}'.format(n)
        int_part_len = str0.index('.')
        if int_part_len <= max_width - 2:
            str0 = str0[:max_width]
        else:
            str0 = str0[:int_part_len]
    if (not allow_overflow) and (len(str0) > max_width):
        raise OverflowError("Impossible to represent in fixed-width non-scientific format")
    return str0

更多例子:

>>> to_fixed_width(0.7653, 6)
'0.7653'
>>> to_fixed_width(10.2, 6)
'10.200'
>>> to_fixed_width(100.2325, 6)
'100.23'
>>> to_fixed_width(500.9874, 6)
'500.99'
>>> to_fixed_width(500.9874, 6, do_round = False)
'500.98'
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