在tkinter菜单中切换帧

时间:2014-10-06 09:38:11

标签: python tkinter

我已经使用Tkinter创建了一个具有不同菜单选项的GUI(下面会生成类似的示例)。每个菜单都有不同的命令,单击这些命令时会创建一个新框架。现在发生的事情是,如果我切换到另一个命令,新帧将堆叠在当前帧之下而不是替换旧帧。

我想知道前进的最佳方式是什么。

import Tkinter as tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.minsize(400,300)
welcome = tkinter.Frame(root).grid()
label = tkinter.Label(welcome, text="Welcome to my program").grid(row=0, column=3)
button = tkinter.Button(welcome,text="Exit",command=root.destroy).grid(row=3, column=1)
def newFrame():
newFrame = tkinter.Frame(root).grid()
newFrame_name = tkinter.Label(newFrame, text="This is another frame").grid()
menu = tkinter.Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)
main_menu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="Main Menu", menu= main_menu)
main_menu.add_command(label="New Frame", command=newFrame)
main_menu.add_command(label="Another Frame", command=newFrame)
#menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.destroy, menu= filemenu)
root.mainloop()

现在,如果我在New Frame和Another Frame之间切换,窗口会叠加,但我想要一个窗口替换另一个窗口。

有什么想法吗?感谢。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

这是我最近使用的一种方法的最小例子;密钥位于PythonGUI.show_frame,它将适当的框架移动到前面以供显示。

import Tkinter as tk

class BaseFrame(tk.Frame):
    """An abstract base class for the frames that sit inside PythonGUI.

    Args:
      master (tk.Frame): The parent widget.
      controller (PythonGUI): The controlling Tk object.

    Attributes:
      controller (PythonGUI): The controlling Tk object.

    """

    def __init__(self, master, controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.controller = controller
        self.grid()
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        """Create the widgets for the frame."""
        raise NotImplementedError


class ExecuteFrame(BaseFrame):
    """The application home page.

    Attributes:
      new_button (tk.Button): The button to switch to HomeFrame.

    """

    def create_widgets(self):
        """Create the base widgets for the frame."""
        self.new_button = tk.Button(self,
                                    anchor=tk.W,
                                    command=lambda: self.controller.show_frame(HomeFrame),
                                    padx=5,
                                    pady=5,
                                    text="Home")
        self.new_button.grid(padx=5, pady=5, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)


class HomeFrame(BaseFrame):
    """The application home page.

    Attributes:
      new_button (tk.Button): The button to switch to ExecuteFrame.

    """

    def create_widgets(self):
        """Create the base widgets for the frame."""
        self.new_button = tk.Button(self,
                                    anchor=tk.W,
                                    command=lambda: self.controller.show_frame(ExecuteFrame),
                                    padx=5,
                                    pady=5,
                                    text="Execute")
        self.new_button.grid(padx=5, pady=5, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)


class PythonGUI(tk.Tk):
    """The main window of the GUI.

    Attributes:
      container (tk.Frame): The frame container for the sub-frames.
      frames (dict of tk.Frame): The available sub-frames.

    """

    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)
        self.title("Python GUI")
        self.create_widgets()
        self.resizable(0, 0)

    def create_widgets(self):
        """Create the widgets for the frame."""             
        #   Frame Container
        self.container = tk.Frame(self)
        self.container.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)

        #   Frames
        self.frames = {}
        for f in (HomeFrame, ExecuteFrame): # defined subclasses of BaseFrame
            frame = f(self.container, self)
            frame.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=tk.NW+tk.SE)
            self.frames[f] = frame
        self.show_frame(HomeFrame)

    def show_frame(self, cls):
        """Show the specified frame.

        Args:
          cls (tk.Frame): The class of the frame to show. 

        """
        self.frames[cls].tkraise()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = PythonGUI()
    app.mainloop()
    exit()

答案 1 :(得分:2)

有两种基本方法可以解决问题:

  1. 将所有帧堆叠在一起(例如:放入相同的网格单元格,或使用相同选项的place),然后提升应该对顶部可见的帧堆栈(使用frame.lift())。该答案的一个例子是:Switch between two frames in tkinter

  2. 每当您展示新框架时,请销毁(使用.destroy()或隐藏(使用pack_forgetgrid_forget)旧框架。

答案 2 :(得分:2)

我有一个简单的例子。对不起,因为我不知道如何通过class来执行此代码。我只是使用简单的代码。但它的确有效! :d 这是:

from Tkinter import *
def gantihal(frame):
    frame.tkraise()

root = Tk()

f1 = Frame(root)
f2 = Frame(root)
f3 = Frame(root)
f4 = Frame(root)
for frame in (f1, f2, f3, f4):
    frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='news')

Button(f1, text='goto frame 2', command=lambda:gantihal(f2)).pack()
Label(f1, text='this is in frame 1').pack()

Label(f2, text='this is in frame two').pack()
Button(f2, text='goto frame 3', command=lambda:gantihal(f3)).pack()

Label(f3, text='this is in frame 3').pack(side='left')
Button(f3, text='next frame :)', command=lambda:gantihal(f4)).pack(side='left')

Label(f4, text='fourth frame').pack()
Button(f4, text='goto 1st frame', command=lambda:gantihal(f1)).pack()

gantihal(f1)
root.mainloop()