声明用户定义类型的变量以供以后初始化

时间:2014-10-13 22:01:42

标签: c++ oop variable-initialization boost-process

我想创建一个名为process的全局变量,而不是在第一时间为其分配任何内容。稍后,我将在操作系统中生成一个新进程,并将其分配给该变量。

可以在C#中完成,如下所示:

class TestCS
    {
        // creating a variable
        private System.Diagnostics.Process process;

        private void SomeMethod()
        {
            // assigning a newly spawned process to it
            process = Process.Start("file.exe", "-argument");
            process.WaitForInputIdle();
        }       
    }


我编写了下面的代码,用C ++完成同样的事情。 process变量的类型为child(来自Boost::Process v0.31)。为简单起见,省略了 #includes

Test.hpp

class Test
{
public: 
    void SomeFunction();
private:
    std::string testString; // declaring a test string

    static const std::string program_name;
    static const std::vector<std::string> program_args;
    boost::process::child process;  // attempting to declare a variable of type 'boost::process::child'
};

Test.cpp的

void Test::SomeFunction()
{
    testString = "abc"; // I can successfully define the test variable on this line
    std::cout << testString;

    boost::process::context ctxt;

    // the same goes for the next two variables
    const std::string program_name = "startme.exe";
    const std::vector<std::string> program_args = {"/test"};

    // and I want to define the process variable here as well...
    process = boost::process::launch(program_name, program_args, ctxt);
}

Main.cpp的

int main()
{
    Test test1;
    test1.SomeFunction();

    cin.get(); // pause
    return 0;
}

但是,它会为 Test.cpp 返回以下错误:

  

错误C2512:'boost :: process :: child':没有合适的默认构造函数


如何正确完成?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

如错误所述,'boost::process::child' no appropriate default constructor available。这意味着必须使用带参数的构造函数构造child对象。

采用以下示例类

class Foo
{
    Foo(); // This is the _default_ constructor.
    Foo(int i); // This is another constructor.
};

Foo f; // The `Foo();` constructor will be used _by default_. 

如果我们将该类更改为以下内容:

class Foo
{
    Foo(int i); // This is the constructor, there is no default constructor declared.
};

Foo f; // This is invalid.
Foo f(1); // This is fine, as it satisfies arguments for `Foo(int i);

构造string的原因是因为它提供了默认构造函数(这是一个空字符串),而process::child类则没有。

因此,您需要在构造时初始化process::child对象。由于它是TestClass的一部分(而不是指针或引用),因此在构造TestClass对象时需要构造

Test::Test()
    : process() // Initialize the member here, with whatever args.
{
    SomeFunction();
}

或者...

class Test
{
    // Make it a pointer.
    boost::process::child* pProcess;
};

Test::Test()
{
    pProcess = new boost::process::child(); // And allocate it whenever you want.
    SomeFunction();
}