与索引维护一样，我们有索引重组/重建，更新统计信息，收缩数据库日志文件，MS SQL服务器中的数据库备份/恢复，Mysql服务器/数据库的维护步骤和性能步骤是什么？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
ANALYZE TABLE将扫描密钥并存储有助于未来加入的数据。我不知道它实际上是多么有用/需要但我敢打赌它肯定取决于你的典型数据库工作负载和表结构是什么。
OPTIMIZE TABLE会对您的表进行碎片整理并回收未使用的空间，但正如您在文档中所读到的那样，它通常是不必要的。
您可以通过SQL或mysqlcheck工具调用它们。
虽然大多数情况下是不必要的，但我通常会在活动时间较短的时候安排mysqlcheck -Aao（这意味着在我的情况下是周末晚上）。
答案 1 :(得分：2)
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//Here is a php script you can run weekly. Just change the config info at the start
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// BEGIN CONFIG (I like to put this in a sep file, so I can just change the config for
// different database/servers
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//require_once ("mysql_maintenance_config.inc");
$_DB_Host = '127.0.0.1'; // your server ip
$_DB_Name = 'database_name_goes_here'; // name of db to maintain
$_DB_User = 'database_user_goes_here';
$_DB_Pass = 'pasword_goes_here';
$_EMAIL_Admin_Addr = 'yourname@gmail.com'; // address to email errors/results to
// php mail must be configured
$_LOG_TABLE_NAME = 'log_mysql_maintenance'; // change this if you would like the results stored in a different table name
$_EMAIL_Results = true;
$_NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG = false; // only set to true if database is replicated
$_SKIP_TABLES_WITH_LESS_THAN_X_ROWS = 100; // set to -1 to process all tables
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// END CONFIG SECTION
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$total_query_time_for_page = 0;
$debug = false;
// set debug mode
if (isset($_GET['dxdb']))
{
if ($_GET['dxdb']=='dcv') { $debug = true; }
}
// open database connection
$db = mysql_connect ($_DB_Host, $_DB_User, $_DB_Pass);
if (!$db)
{
echo 'DATABASE_ERROR_MESSAGE';
exit;
}
if (mysql_select_db($_DB_Name, $db)==false)
{
echo 'CANNOT_SELECT_DATABASE';
exit;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// MYSQL MAINTENANCE TASKS
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// 1. Verify / Create Logging Table
// 2. Init Process Log
// 3. Build Table List
// 4. Check and Repair (MyISAM only) Tables if Necessary
// 5. Optimize Tables
// 6. Analyze Tables
// 7. Complete Logs and Email
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$_PROCESS_LOG = '';
$_PROCESS_ID = 0;
$_STARTED_ON = '';
$_COMPLETED_ON = 0;
$_TABLE_COUNT = 0;
$_TABLES_CHECKED = 0;
$_TABLES_OPTIMIZED = 0;
$_TABLES_ANALYZED = 0;
$_ERRORS_FOUND = 0;
$_ERRORS_FIXED = 0;
$_CURRENT_STATUS = '';
$_FINAL_STATUS = '';
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// 1. Verify / Create Logging Table (log table name set in sql_maintenance_config.php)
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$lgx = dbGetReturnForSQL("SELECT COUNT(*) as ct FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = '$_DB_Name' AND table_name = '$_LOG_TABLE_NAME'",'',true);
if ($lgx==0) // create logging table
{
$sql = "CREATE TABLE $_LOG_TABLE_NAME (
process_id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
started_on varchar(24) NOT NULL default '',
completed_on varchar(24) NOT NULL default '',
tables_checked int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
tables_optimized int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
tables_analyzed int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
errors_found int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
errors_fixed int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
current_status varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',
final_status varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',
process_log varchar(20000) NOT NULL default '',
PRIMARY KEY (process_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8";
dbExecuteSQL($sql);
$_PROCESS_LOG = "FIRST RUN - CREATING LOGGING TABLE \n -------------------------------------------------- \n";
}
else
{
$_PROCESS_LOG = "LOG TABLE OK - BEGINING PROCESS \n -------------------------------------------------- \n";
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// 2. Init Process Log
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$_STARTED_ON = getLogStamp();
$_CURRENT_STATUS = 'INIT PROCESS LOG';
$_FINAL_STATUS = 'IN PROCESS - NO ERRORS';
$sql = "INSERT INTO $_LOG_TABLE_NAME (started_on, current_status, final_status, process_log) VALUES ('$_STARTED_ON', '$_CURRENT_STATUS', '$_FINAL_STATUS', '$_PROCESS_LOG')";
$_PROCESS_ID = dbExecuteSQL($sql, true);
add2ProcessLog('Init Process Log', true);
if ($_NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG)
{
$_BINLOG = 'NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG';
add2ProcessLog('BINLOG WRITE DISABLED');
}
else
{
$_BINLOG = '';
add2ProcessLog('BINLOG WRITE ENABLED');
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// 3. Build Table List
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$_CURRENT_STATUS = 'BUILD TABLE LIST';
add2ProcessLog('Building Table List', true);
$sql = "SELECT TABLE_NAME, ENGINE, TABLE_ROWS
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema = '$_DB_Name'";
$_TABLE_LIST = dbGetReturnForSQL($sql);
if ($_TABLE_LIST == 'x_no_data_x') // no tables found
{
add2ProcessLog("ERROR - NO TABLES FOUND", false);
emailLogAndExit();
}
else
{
$_TABLE_COUNT = count($_TABLE_LIST);
add2ProcessLog($_TABLE_COUNT . " tables found", true);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// 4. Check and Repair (MyISAM only) Tables if Necessary
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$_CURRENT_STATUS = 'CHECK AND REPAIR MYISAM TABLES';
add2ProcessLog("CHECK AND REPAIR MYISAM TABLES", true);
foreach($_TABLE_LIST AS $tbl_row)
{
$tbl = $tbl_row['TABLE_NAME'];
$eng = $tbl_row['ENGINE'];
$rct = $tbl_row['TABLE_ROWS'];
if ($tbl != $_LOG_TABLE_NAME && $eng == 'MyISAM')
{
$_TABLES_CHECKED++;
add2ProcessLog("checking: $tbl");
$sql = "CHECK TABLE $tbl";
$rs = dbGetReturnForSQL($sql);
if ($rs == 'x_no_data_x')
{
emailLogAndExit("ERROR CHECKING TABLE: $tbl");
}
else
{
$rw = getLastRecord($rs);
if ($rw['Msg_text'] != 'OK')
{
$_ERRORS_FOUND++;
add2ProcessLog('ERROR FOUND: ' . $rw['Msg_text'], true);
// problem checking table - attempt to repair
$sql = "REPAIR TABLE $tbl";
$rs = dbGetReturnForSQL($sql);
if ($rs == 'x_no_data_x')
{
emailLogAndExit("ERROR REPAIRING TABLE: $tbl");
}
else
{
$rprw = getLastRecord($rs);
if ($rw['Msg_text'] == 'OK')
{
$_ERRORS_FIXED++;
add2ProcessLog('ERROR REPAIRED on ' . $tbl);
}
else //could not repair error
{
emailLogAndExit("ERROR REPAIRING TABLE: $tbl | " . $rw['Msg_text']);
}
}
}
else
{
add2ProcessLog($tbl . ' checked ok');
}
}
}
}
add2ProcessLog("CHECK AND REPAIR MYISAM TABLES COMPLETED OK", true);
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// 5. Optimize Tables
//--------------------------------------------------------------
$_CURRENT_STATUS = 'OPTIMIZE TABLES';
add2ProcessLog("OPTIMIZE TABLES", true);
foreach($_TABLE_LIST AS $tbl_row)
{
$tbl = $tbl_row['TABLE_NAME'];
$eng = $tbl_row['ENGINE'];
$rct = $tbl_row['TABLE_ROWS'];
if ($tbl != $_LOG_TABLE_NAME && intval($_SKIP_TABLES_WITH_LESS_THAN_X_ROWS) 'Jacks Function', '//#_reason_//#' => 'Because I said so')
// $new_page: if true, clear buffer and wrap in new page, if false, display err msg and exit (note, for this to be used, ob_start() must have been called on the page first
// $dev_dump: any misc info you would like in the log, such as the query that caused the error. this will not be displayed to the user
// $email_err: email address to send error to. if set to 'devteam' then the current group mailing addr will be used (i.e. devteam@thinklinklearning.com)
// FUTURE - might want to set a way to override this in the error_codes table to send to a specific developer during testing ( currently can only override to always email )
// $log_only: if true, do not display message, return to code -could be used if we wanted to log here from perish()
global $db, $_EMAIL_Admin_Addr, $_CURRENT_STATUS, $_FINAL_STATUS;
// log the error first
$host_info = mysql_get_host_info();
$rq = substr(var_export($_REQUEST,true),0,2000);
$rq = mysql_real_escape_string($rq);
// append last sql error to dev_dump
$sql_dump = $dev_dump;
// format sql
$sql_dump = str_replace("\r\n",'',$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_replace("\n",'',$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_replace("\t",'',$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('SELECT',"\r\n SELECT",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('FROM',"\r\n FROM",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('WHERE',"\r\n WHERE",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('INNER JOIN',"\r\n INNER JOIN",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('LEFT JOIN',"\r\n LEFT JOIN",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('AND',"\r\n AND",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('GROUP BY',"\r\n GROUP BY",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace('ORDER BY',"\r\n ORDER BY",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_ireplace(',',"\r\n, ",$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_replace(' ',' ',$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_replace(' ',' ',$sql_dump);
$sql_dump = str_replace(' ',' ',$sql_dump);
$sql_err = mysql_error();
$dev_dump = $sql_dump . "\r\n\r\n" . $sql_err;
//echo "
$sql_err
$sql_dump
";
$dev_dump_to_mail = $host_info . "\r\n\r\n" . $dev_dump;
$dev_dump = mysql_real_escape_string($dev_dump_to_mail . "\r\n\r\n" . $dev_dump);
// get stack backtrace
$a = debug_backtrace();
$stack_tr = "stack trace: \r\n";
$stack_tr .= "------------ \r\n";
foreach($a as $k => $v)
{
$stack_tr .= "file: $v[file] \r\n";
$stack_tr .= "line: $v[line] \r\n";
$stack_tr .= "func: $v[function] \r\n";
$args = $v['args'];
foreach($args as $a_label => $a_val)
{
$stack_tr .= "$a_label => $a_val \r\n";
}
$stack_tr .= "//# \r\n";
}
$pg = mysql_real_escape_string($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
$stack_tr_to_mail = $stack_tr;
$stack_tr = mysql_real_escape_string($stack_tr);
if ($err_id=='') { $err_id = 'GENERAL_ERROR'; }
$email_err = $_EMAIL_Admin_Addr; // always email errors to admin
$err_html = '';
// email error if requested
if ($email_err!='')
{
$pg = explode('/', $pg);
$pg = $pg[count($pg)-1];
if (strpos(strtoupper($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']),'DEV')>2) { $fsrv = ' (DEV)'; } else { $fsrv = ''; }
mail($email_err, "Error$fsrv: $pg - $err_id ",
"PHP_SELF\t $_SERVER[PHP_SELF]
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
error_id:\t $err_id\n\n
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
sql_err:\t $sql_err \n\n
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
sql_dump:\n\n $sql_dump \n\n
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
last_db_host:\t $host_info\n\n
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
stack_tr:\n
$stack_tr_to_mail\n\n
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
dev_dump:\n
$dev_dump_to_mail\n\n
\n\n------------------------------------\n\n
err_log_key: $err_log_key ");
}
// update process log
$_CURRENT_STATUS = 'ERROR';
$_FINAL_STATUS = 'ERROR';
add2ProcessLog('ERROR - ' . $sql_err, true);
echo 'ERROR: ' . $pg . ' - ' . $sql_err;
exit();
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
function getRequestVar($fieldname,$defaultvalue,$numeric_only=false,$prep_for_sql_insert=false)
{
$rtn = '';
if (isset($_POST[$fieldname]))
{
$rtn = $_POST[$fieldname];
}
else
{
if (isset($_GET[$fieldname]))
{
$rtn = $_GET[$fieldname];
}
else
{
$rtn = $defaultvalue;
}
}
if ($numeric_only==true)
{
if (is_numeric($rtn)==false) {$rtn = $defaultvalue;}
}
if ($prep_for_sql_insert==true)
{
$rtn = "'" . mysql_real_escape_string($rtn) . "'";
}
return($rtn);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
function prepForSQL($rtn_val, $numeric_only=false)
{
if ($numeric_only==true)
{
if (is_numeric($rtn_val)==false) {$rtn_val = -999;}
}
else
{
// remove chrs we dont allow in the system
$rtn_val = str_replace("'","",$rtn_val);
$rtn_val = str_replace('"',"",$rtn_val);
$rtn_val = str_replace("\\","",$rtn_val);
$rtn_val = str_replace(';',"",$rtn_val);
$rtn_val = "'" . mysql_real_escape_string($rtn_val) . "'";
}
return($rtn_val);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
function dbGetReturnForSQL($sql, $field_for_key = '', $get_scalar_value = false, $default_value = 'x_no_data_x')
{
/* this function works for scalar, one row and multi row queries
if $field_for_key = '' then use index
if $get_scalar_value = true then return 1st row in array only (not nested in row array) or if only 1 value return value only (no array) - first row only must be set to true
if no data is present $default_value will be returned, if blank, 'x_no_data_x' will be returned
$error_id_on_fail, error id to pass to displayErrorMsg (defaults to GENERAL_ERROR)
*/
global $db, $debug, $total_query_time_for_page;
$loc_ptr = 0;
$loc_key = '';
$loc_arr = array();
$loc_val = '';
$use_srv = 'MASTER';
$error_id_on_fail = '';
if ( $debug ) {
echo "
QUERY:
\n\n" . ereg_replace("\t", " ", $sql) . "\n\n
\n";
}
if ( $debug ) { $start_time = microtime(true); }
$result = mysql_query($sql,$db) OR displayErrorMsg($error_id_on_fail,'','',false,$sql,'richard.varno@gmail.com',false);
if ( $debug )
{
$end_time = microtime(true);
$rows_rtn = mysql_num_rows($result);
$qry_time = $end_time - $start_time;
$total_query_time_for_page = $total_query_time_for_page + $qry_time;
$host_info = mysql_get_host_info();
echo "$rows_rtn row(s) returned in $qry_time seconds from $host_info ($use_srv)
total query time elapsed: $total_query_time_for_page seconds
\n";
}
while ($rw = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
if ($get_scalar_value==true)
{
// show return val if debug = true
if ($debug)
{
echo "Scalar Value
\n\n";
foreach($rw as $fld_key => $fld_val)
{
echo "$fld_key$fld_val\n";
}
echo "\n";
}
if (count($rw)==1)
{
$rw_key = array_keys($rw);
$loc_val = $rw[$rw_key[0]];
mysql_free_result($result);
return($loc_val);
}
else
{
mysql_free_result($result);
return($rw);
}
}
else
{
if ($field_for_key=='') //use index pointer
{
$loc_key = $loc_ptr;
}
else // use field
{
$loc_key = $rw[$field_for_key];
}
$loc_arr[$loc_key] = $rw;
$loc_ptr++;
}
}
mysql_free_result($result);
// if no results were found, return default
if ($loc_ptr == 0)
{
$loc_arr = $default_value;
}
else
{
// show return val if debug = true (1st 50 rows only)
if ($debug)
{
if($rows_rtn > 50)
{
echo "Displaying rows 1 to $rows_rtn of $rows_rtn
\n";
$max_row_to_display = 49;
}
else
{
echo "Displaying rows 1 to $rows_rtn of $rows_rtn
\n";
$max_row_to_display = $rows_rtn-1;
}
echo "\n";
// show headers
$loc_arr_keys = array_keys($loc_arr);
$rw = $loc_arr[$loc_arr_keys[0]];
echo "\n";
foreach($rw as $fld_key => $fld_val)
{
echo "$fld_key\n";
}
echo "\n";
// show data
$cur_row = 0;
foreach ($loc_arr as $ptr=>$row)
{
echo "\n";
foreach($rw as $fld_key => $fld_val)
{
echo "$row[$fld_key]\n";
}
echo "\n";
$cur_row++;
if ($cur_row > $max_row_to_display) { break; }
}
echo "\n";
}
}
return($loc_arr);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
function dbExecuteSQL($sql, $return_insert_id = false)
{
/* this function will execute and SQL Statement against the master database and return either the rows affected or the insert id if requested
$error_id_on_fail, error id to pass to displayErrorMsg (defaults to GENERAL_ERROR)
*/
global $db, $debug, $total_query_time_for_page;
$loc_ptr = 0;
$loc_insert_id = 0;
$loc_rows_affected = 0;
$error_id_on_fail = '';
if ( $debug ) {
echo "
QUERY:
\n\n" . ereg_replace("\t", " ", $sql) . "\n\n
\n";
}
if ( $debug ) { $start_time = microtime(true); }
$result = mysql_query($sql,$db) OR displayErrorMsg($error_id_on_fail,'','',false,$sql,'richard.varno@gmail.com',false);
$loc_insert_id = mysql_insert_id($db);
$loc_rows_affected = mysql_affected_rows($db);
$use_srv = 'MASTER';
if ( $debug )
{
$end_time = microtime(true);
$qry_time = $end_time - $start_time;
$total_query_time_for_page = $total_query_time_for_page + $qry_time;
$host_info = mysql_get_host_info($db);
echo "$loc_rows_affected row(s) affected in $qry_time seconds from $host_info ($use_srv)
total query time elapsed: $total_query_time_for_page seconds
\n";
}
if ($return_insert_id==true) { return($loc_insert_id); } else { return($loc_rows_affected); }
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------