对copy-constructor和析构函数的无关调用

时间:2010-04-17 08:23:13

标签: c++ destructor copy-constructor

[跟进this question]

class A
{
    public:
         A()          {cout<<"A Construction"     <<endl;}
         A(A const& a){cout<<"A Copy Construction"<<endl;}
        ~A()          {cout<<"A Destruction"      <<endl;}
};

int main() {
    {
        vector<A> t;
        t.push_back(A());
        t.push_back(A());   // once more
    }
}

输出结果为:

A Construction        // 1
A Copy Construction   // 1
A Destruction         // 1
A Construction        // 2
A Copy Construction   // 2
A Copy Construction   // WHY THIS?
A Destruction         // 2
A Destruction         // deleting element from t
A Destruction         // deleting element from t
A Destruction         // WHY THIS?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:16)

为了清楚地看到发生了什么,我建议在输出中包含this指针,以确定哪个A正在调用该方法。

     A()          {cout<<"A (" << this << ") Construction"     <<endl;}
     A(A const& a){cout<<"A (" << &a << "->" << this << ") Copy Construction"<<endl;}
    ~A()          {cout<<"A (" << this << ") Destruction"      <<endl;}

我得到的输出是

A (0xbffff8cf) Construction
A (0xbffff8cf->0x100160) Copy Construction
A (0xbffff8cf) Destruction
A (0xbffff8ce) Construction
A (0x100160->0x100170) Copy Construction
A (0xbffff8ce->0x100171) Copy Construction
A (0x100160) Destruction
A (0xbffff8ce) Destruction
A (0x100170) Destruction
A (0x100171) Destruction

所以流程可以解释为:

  1. 创建临时A(... cf)。
  2. 临时A(... cf)被复制到矢量(... 60)。
  3. 临时A(... cf)被销毁。
  4. 创建了另一个临时A(... ce)。
  5. 向量展开,该向量中的旧A(... 60)被复制到新位置(... 70)
  6. 将另一个临时A(... ce)复制到矢量(... 71)。
  7. A(... 60,... ce)的所有不必要的副本现在都被销毁了。
  8. 矢量被破坏,因此内部的A(...... 70,...... 71)也被破坏。
  9. 如果你做了

    ,第5步就会消失
        vector<A> t;
        t.reserve(2); // <-- reserve space for 2 items.
        t.push_back(A());
        t.push_back(A());
    

    输出将变为:

    A (0xbffff8cf) Construction
    A (0xbffff8cf->0x100160) Copy Construction
    A (0xbffff8cf) Destruction
    A (0xbffff8ce) Construction
    A (0xbffff8ce->0x100161) Copy Construction
    A (0xbffff8ce) Destruction
    A (0x100160) Destruction
    A (0x100161) Destruction
    
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