生成Java中几个列表的所有排列

时间:2015-03-20 17:04:53

标签: java math permutation pseudocode discrete-mathematics

我有n个列表,例如:

L_1 = [a_11, a_12, ...]
L_2 = [a_21, a_22, ...]
...
L_n = [a_n1, a_n2, ...]

其中i列表包含k_i个元素。 现在,我想要生成所有n - 元素列表,其中i元素来自L_i,我的意思是:

[a_11, a_21, ..., a_n1]
[a_11, a_21, ..., a_n2]
...
[a_11, a_22, ..., a_n1]
[a_11, a_22, ..., a_n2]
...
[a_12, a_21, ..., a_n1]
[a_12, a_21, ..., a_n2]
...
[a_12, a_22, ..., a_n1]
[a_12, a_22, ..., a_n2]
...

列表总数应等于k_1*k_2*...k_n。你能描述一下这个算法的伪代码还是使用Java代码?当硬编码列表数量时,我可以使用嵌套的for循环执行此操作,但在运行时n可自定义时,我完全被阻止。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

好的,我实现了这个算法。

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class PermutationGenerator {
    private List<List<Integer>> result;
    private List<List<Integer>> data;

    public List<List<Integer>> permutate(List<List<Integer>> data) {
        this.data = data;
        this.result = Lists.newArrayList();

        List<Integer> integers = new ArrayList<Integer>(Collections.nCopies(data.size(), 0));
        foo(0, data.size() - 1, integers);
        return result;
    }

    private void foo(Integer index, Integer maxIndex, List<Integer> output) {
        List<Integer> list = data.get(index);
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            output.set(index, list.get(i));
            if (index == maxIndex) {
                result.add(Lists.newArrayList(output));
            } else {
                foo(index + 1, maxIndex, output);
            }
        }
    }
}

测试类:

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class PermutationGeneratorTest {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        // given
        PermutationGenerator pg = new PermutationGenerator();

        List<Integer> list1 = Lists.newArrayList(1, 2, 3);
        List<Integer> list2 = Lists.newArrayList(4, 5);
        List<Integer> list3 = Lists.newArrayList(6, 7, 8, 9);

        List<List<Integer>> input = Lists.newArrayList(list1, list2, list3);

        // when
        List<List<Integer>> output = pg.permutate(input);

        // then
        print(output);
    }

    private void print(List<List<Integer>> output) {
        for (List<Integer> list : output) {
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
        }
        System.out.println("TOTAL: " + output.size());
    }
}

<强>输出:

[1, 4, 6]
[1, 4, 7]
[1, 4, 8]
[1, 4, 9]
[1, 5, 6]
[1, 5, 7]
[1, 5, 8]
[1, 5, 9]
[2, 4, 6]
[2, 4, 7]
[2, 4, 8]
[2, 4, 9]
[2, 5, 6]
[2, 5, 7]
[2, 5, 8]
[2, 5, 9]
[3, 4, 6]
[3, 4, 7]
[3, 4, 8]
[3, 4, 9]
[3, 5, 6]
[3, 5, 7]
[3, 5, 8]
[3, 5, 9]
TOTAL: 24

答案 1 :(得分:4)

正如您已经发现的那样,通常的技巧是将列表视为g-adic数字的非统一版本并执行携带增量列表索引位置:

当您拥有n个列表时,这些列表中的n个索引位置为:

index_pos = [i0, ..., in-1]

现在的诀窍如下:

  • index_pos = [0, 0, ...]
  • 开头
  • 增加index_pos[0]
    • 如果结果大于或等于lists[0].size(),请设置index_pos[0] = 0并增加index_pos[1]
    • 如果index_pos[1]大于或等于lists[1].size() ......等等
  • index_pos[n - 1]溢出
  • 时,您就完成了

Java中的非递归解决方案就像

public static <T> void permute(
    final List<List<T>> lists,
    final Consumer<List<T>> consumer
)
{
     final int[] index_pos = new int[lists.size()];

     final int last_index = lists.size() - 1;
     final List<T> permuted = new ArrayList<T>(lists.size());

     for (int i = 0; i < lists.size(); ++i) {
         permuted.add(null);
     } 

     while (index_pos[last_index] < lists.get(last_index).size()) {
         for (int i = 0; i < lists.size(); ++i) {
            permuted.set(i, lists.get(i).get(index_pos[i]));
         }  
         consumer.accept(permuted);

         for (int i = 0; i < lists.size(); ++i) {
             ++index_pos[i];
             if (index_pos[i] < lists.get(i).size()) {
                /* stop at first element without overflow */
                break;
             } else if (i < last_index) {
                index_pos[i] = 0;
             }  
         }
     }
} 

用法示例:

public static void main(String[] args)
{
    final List<List<Integer>> lists = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();

    final List<Integer> list0 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    list0.add(0);
    list0.add(1);
    list0.add(2); 
    list0.add(4);
    lists.add(list0);
    lists.add(list0);
    lists.add(list0);

    permute(lists, (permutation -> System.out.println(permutation)));
}
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