SpringJUnit4ClassRunner单元测试不起作用。错误：无法加载ApplicationContext

Question

我是Spring的新手。我们有Spring Rest API，即模型，控制器和服务。当我输入“mvn install＆＃39;它将编译，打包并部署到本地weblogic。问题出现在我在com.gm.apms.test下编写单元测试并使用ExampleControllerTest.java编写@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)时出现错误，称为ApplicationContext not found。这个Spring应用程序使用JNDI，我甚至在src\main\webapp\WEB-INF上写了jdbc连接，文件名是datasource-testcontext.xml我不知道如何在单元测试运行时使用jdbc直接连接到DB，但使用{{1部署时。任何帮助都非常感激。

ExampleControllerTest.java

JNDI

弹簧-config.xml中

    package com.gm.apms.test;

    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

    import com.gm.apms.common.service.SystemTypesService;

    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
(
  {
   "file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml"
  }
)
    public class ExampleControllerTest {

        private MockMvc mockMvc;

        @Autowired 
        SystemTypesService systemTypesService;

        @Autowired 
        private WebApplicationContext ctx;

        @Before  
        public void init() {  
            this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.ctx).build();
        } 

        @Test
        public void checkifSomethingWorkingGood() throws Exception {
            mockMvc.perform(get("/services/regions"))
                    .andExpect(status().isOk());
        }

    }

这是我得到的错误：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd  
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd">


    <!-- base package containing the Spring Controller classes -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gm.apms" />

    <!-- Spring MVC Annotation -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters>
            <bean class="com.gm.apms.common.ContentTypeNegotiatingJsonHttpMessageConverter"/>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- Sets up the Persistence Context -->
    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- JNDI Based datasource -->
    <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="jdbc/APMS" expected-type="javax.sql.DataSource" />

    <!-- Spring EntityManagerFactory that is managed by the J2EE Container -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="pu_apms" />
        <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:META-INF/persistence.xml"></property>
        <!-- value="classpath:META-INF/persistence.xml" -->
    </bean>

    <!-- Injects the EntityManager Instance for methods/fields with the @PersistentContext 
        annotation -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />


    <!-- JPA Based Transaction Manager -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    </bean>


    <!-- Annotation driven Transaction Manager -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />


    <!-- Translator class that maps Javax Persistence Exceptions to Spring JDBC 
        Exceptions -->
    <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"
        class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />

    <bean id="multipartResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="20971520" />
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="1048576" /> <!-- Decide the file sizes -->
    </bean>


    <!-- DAO and Service Beans -->
    <bean id="salesOrderService" class="com.gm.apms.order.service.SalesOrderServiceImpl"></bean>

    <bean id="systemTypesService" class="com.gm.apms.common.service.SystemTypesServiceImpl" />

</beans>

Answer 1

实现此目的的正确方法是使用Spring对 bean定义配置文件的支持。

像这样定义你的DataSource bean：

<beans ...>

    <!-- JNDI Based datasource -->
    <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="jdbc/APMS" expected-type="javax.sql.DataSource" />

    <beans profile="test">
        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
            <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@100.100.100.20:1622:abc" />
            <property name="username" value="XXXX" />
            <property name="password" value="XXXX" />
        </bean>
    </beans>

</beans>

然后像这样声明你的测试类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml")
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class ExampleControllerTest {

这应该优雅地解决你的问题！ ;）

有关详细信息，请参阅我的Spring 3.1 M2: Testing with @Configuration Classes and Profiles博文。

此致

Sam（ Spring TestContext Framework的作者）

Answer 2

您需要指定@ContextConfiguration

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/path/to/spring-config.xml")
public class ExampleControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired 
    SystemTypesService systemTypesService;

    @Autowired 
    private WebApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before  
    public void init() {  
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.ctx).build();
    } 

    @Test
    public void checkifSomethingWorkingGood() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/services/regions"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());
    }

}

Answer 3

我可以通过调整spring-config.xml文件来解决它

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd  
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                          http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd">


    <!-- base package containing the Spring Controller classes -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gm.apms" />

    <!-- Spring MVC Annotation -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters>
            <bean class="com.gm.apms.common.ContentTypeNegotiatingJsonHttpMessageConverter"/>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- Sets up the Persistence Context -->
    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- Spring EntityManagerFactory that is managed by the J2EE Container -->
     <bean id="entityManagerFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="pu_apms" />
        <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:META-INF/persistence.xml"></property>
        <!-- value="classpath:META-INF/persistence.xml" -->
    </bean>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
        <property name="jndiName">
            <value>jdbc/APMS</value>
        </property>
        <!--  fallback to a local datasource if we are not in the container -->
        <property name="defaultObject" ref="developmentDataSource" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="developmentDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@100.100.100.20:1622:abc" />
        <property name="username" value="XXXX" />
        <property name="password" value="XXXX" />
    </bean>


    <!-- Injects the EntityManager Instance for methods/fields with the @PersistentContext 
        annotation -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />


    <!-- JPA Based Transaction Manager -->
     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    </bean> 


    <!-- Annotation driven Transaction Manager -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />


    <!-- Translator class that maps Javax Persistence Exceptions to Spring JDBC 
        Exceptions -->
    <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"
        class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />

    <bean id="multipartResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="20971520" />
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="1048576" /> <!-- Decide the file sizes -->
    </bean>


    <!-- DAO and Service Beans -->
    <bean id="salesOrderService" class="com.gm.apms.order.service.SalesOrderServiceImpl"></bean>

    <bean id="systemTypesService" class="com.gm.apms.common.service.SystemTypesServiceImpl" />

</beans>