我正在尝试使用Xcode 7 beta 2中提供的新UI测试来编写测试用例。该应用程序有一个登录屏幕,用于调用服务器进行登录。与此相关的延迟是因为它是异步操作。
在继续进一步的步骤之前,有没有办法在XCTestCase中引起延迟或等待机制?
没有适当的文档,我浏览了类的Header文件。无法找到与此相关的任何内容。
有任何想法/建议吗?
答案 0 :(得分:205)
另外,你可以睡觉:
sleep(10)
由于UITests在另一个进程中运行,因此可行。我不知道它是多么可取,但它确实有效。
答案 1 :(得分:150)
异步UI测试是在Xcode 7 Beta 4中引入的。要等待带有文本的标签" Hello,world!"看来你可以做到以下几点:
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
let label = app.staticTexts["Hello, world!"]
let exists = NSPredicate(format: "exists == 1")
expectationForPredicate(exists, evaluatedWithObject: label, handler: nil)
waitForExpectationsWithTimeout(5, handler: nil)
我的博客上可以找到更多details about UI Testing。
答案 2 :(得分:68)
Xcode 9 引入了XCTWaiter
的新技巧测试用例明确等待
wait(for: [documentExpectation], timeout: 10)
Waiter实例委托测试
XCTWaiter(delegate: self).wait(for: [documentExpectation], timeout: 10)
Waiter类返回结果
let result = XCTWaiter.wait(for: [documentExpectation], timeout: 10)
switch(result) {
case .completed:
//all expectations were fulfilled before timeout!
case .timedOut:
//timed out before all of its expectations were fulfilled
case .incorrectOrder:
//expectations were not fulfilled in the required order
case .invertedFulfillment:
//an inverted expectation was fulfilled
case .interrupted:
//waiter was interrupted before completed or timedOut
}
在Xcode 9之前
目标C
- (void)waitForElementToAppear:(XCUIElement *)element withTimeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout
{
NSUInteger line = __LINE__;
NSString *file = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:__FILE__];
NSPredicate *existsPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"exists == true"];
[self expectationForPredicate:existsPredicate evaluatedWithObject:element handler:nil];
[self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:timeout handler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (error != nil) {
NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Failed to find %@ after %f seconds",element,timeout];
[self recordFailureWithDescription:message inFile:file atLine:line expected:YES];
}
}];
}
<强> USAGE 强>
XCUIElement *element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"];
[self waitForElementToAppear:element withTimeout:5];
<强>夫特强>
func waitForElementToAppear(element: XCUIElement, timeout: NSTimeInterval = 5, file: String = #file, line: UInt = #line) {
let existsPredicate = NSPredicate(format: "exists == true")
expectationForPredicate(existsPredicate,
evaluatedWithObject: element, handler: nil)
waitForExpectationsWithTimeout(timeout) { (error) -> Void in
if (error != nil) {
let message = "Failed to find \(element) after \(timeout) seconds."
self.recordFailureWithDescription(message, inFile: file, atLine: line, expected: true)
}
}
}
<强> USAGE 强>
let element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"]
self.waitForElementToAppear(element)
或
let element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"]
self.waitForElementToAppear(element, timeout: 10)
答案 3 :(得分:56)
iOS 11 / Xcode 9
<#yourElement#>.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)
这是此网站上所有自定义实施的绝佳替代品!
请务必在此处查看我的答案:https://stackoverflow.com/a/48937714/971329。在那里,我描述了一种等待请求的替代方案,这将大大减少测试运行的时间!
答案 4 :(得分:27)
从Xcode 8.3开始,我们可以使用XCTWaiter
http://masilotti.com/xctest-waiting/
func waitForElementToAppear(_ element: XCUIElement) -> Bool {
let predicate = NSPredicate(format: "exists == true")
let expectation = expectation(for: predicate, evaluatedWith: element,
handler: nil)
let result = XCTWaiter().wait(for: [expectation], timeout: 5)
return result == .completed
}
另一个诀窍就是写一个wait
函数,感谢John Sundell向我显示它
extension XCTestCase {
func wait(for duration: TimeInterval) {
let waitExpectation = expectation(description: "Waiting")
let when = DispatchTime.now() + duration
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: when) {
waitExpectation.fulfill()
}
// We use a buffer here to avoid flakiness with Timer on CI
waitForExpectations(timeout: duration + 0.5)
}
}
并像
一样使用它func testOpenLink() {
let delegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
let route = RouteMock()
UIApplication.shared.open(linkUrl, options: [:], completionHandler: nil)
wait(for: 1)
XCTAssertNotNil(route.location)
}
答案 5 :(得分:9)
修改强>
实际上我刚刚想到,在Xcode 7b4中,UI测试现在已经有了
expectationForPredicate:evaluatedWithObject:handler:
<强>原始强>
另一种方法是将运行循环旋转一段时间。如果你知道你需要等待多长时间(估计)
,那真的很有用的OBJ-C:
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow: <<time to wait in seconds>>]]
夫特:
NSRunLoop.currentRunLoop().runMode(NSDefaultRunLoopMode, beforeDate: NSDate(timeIntervalSinceNow: <<time to wait in seconds>>))
如果您需要测试某些条件以继续测试,这不是非常有用。要运行条件检查,请使用while
循环。
答案 6 :(得分:9)
根据@Ted's answer,我已使用此扩展程序:
extension XCTestCase {
// Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/33855219
func waitFor<T>(object: T, timeout: TimeInterval = 5, file: String = #file, line: UInt = #line, expectationPredicate: @escaping (T) -> Bool) {
let predicate = NSPredicate { obj, _ in
expectationPredicate(obj as! T)
}
expectation(for: predicate, evaluatedWith: object, handler: nil)
waitForExpectations(timeout: timeout) { error in
if (error != nil) {
let message = "Failed to fulful expectation block for \(object) after \(timeout) seconds."
self.recordFailure(withDescription: message, inFile: file, atLine: line, expected: true)
}
}
}
}
您可以像这样使用
let element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"]
waitFor(object: element) { $0.exists }
它还允许等待元素消失,或者任何其他属性改变(通过使用适当的块)
waitFor(object: element) { !$0.exists } // Wait for it to disappear
答案 7 :(得分:4)
以下代码仅适用于Objective C.
- (void)wait:(NSUInteger)interval {
XCTestExpectation *expectation = [self expectationWithDescription:@"wait"];
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(interval * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[expectation fulfill];
});
[self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:interval handler:nil];
}
只需调用此函数,如下所示。
[self wait: 10];
答案 8 :(得分:3)
这将创建一个延迟,而不会使线程进入睡眠状态或在超时时引发错误:
let delayExpectation = XCTestExpectation()
delayExpectation.isInverted = true
wait(for: [delayExpectation], timeout: 5)
由于期望被颠倒了,它将安静地超时。
答案 9 :(得分:3)
我们在我目前的公司是如何做的,我们创建了一个 XCUIElement 表达式期望(以创建一个通用的等待方法)。我们通过以下方式来确保它是可维护的(很多期望变化,并且不想创建很多方法/特定谓词来这样做。
斯威夫特 5
该表达式用于形成动态谓词值。我们可以从谓词创建 XCTNSPredicateExpectation
,然后我们将其传递给 XCTWaiter
以显式等待。如果结果不是 completed
,那么我们会失败并显示可选消息。
@discardableResult
func wait(
until expression: @escaping (XCUIElement) -> Bool,
timeout: TimeInterval = 15,
message: @autoclosure () -> String = "",
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) -> Self {
if expression(self) {
return self
}
let predicate = NSPredicate { _, _ in
expression(self)
}
let expectation = XCTNSPredicateExpectation(predicate: predicate, object: nil)
let result = XCTWaiter().wait(for: [expectation], timeout: timeout)
if result != .completed {
XCTFail(
message().isEmpty ? "expectation not matched after waiting" : message(),
file: file,
line: line
)
}
return self
}
使用
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: { $0.exists })
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: { $0.isHittable })
然后我们将其包装在一个方法中,其中 keyPath 和 match
值构成了表达式。
@discardableResult
func wait<Value: Equatable>(
until keyPath: KeyPath<XCUIElement, Value>,
matches match: Value,
timeout: TimeInterval = 15,
message: @autoclosure () -> String = "",
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) -> Self {
wait(
until: { $0[keyPath: keyPath] == match },
timeout: timeout,
message: message,
file: file,
line: line
)
}
使用
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.exists, matches: true)
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.isHittable, matches: false)
然后您可以包装该方法,其中对于我发现的最常见的用例,match
值始终为 true
。
使用
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.exists)
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.isHittable)
我写了一篇关于它的帖子,并在那里获取了完整的扩展文件:https://sourcediving.com/clean-waiting-in-xcuitest-43bab495230f
答案 10 :(得分:0)
根据XCUIElement .exists
的API可用于检查查询是否存在,因此以下语法在某些情况下可能有用!
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
let label = app.staticTexts["Hello, world!"]
while !label.exists {
sleep(1)
}
如果您确信您的期望最终会得到满足,那么您可以尝试运行此功能。应该注意的是,如果等待时间过长可能会导致崩溃,在这种情况下应该使用来自@Joe Masilotti帖子的waitForExpectationsWithTimeout(_,handler:_)
。
答案 11 :(得分:0)
在我的情况下,sleep
产生了副作用,所以我使用了
XCTWaiter.wait(for: [XCTestExpectation(description: "Hello World!")], timeout: 2.0)
答案 12 :(得分:0)
sleep将阻塞线程
“线程被阻塞时,不会发生运行循环处理。”
您可以使用waitForExistence
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
if let label = app.staticTexts["Hello, world!"] {
label.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)
}