我在确认电子邮件中收到了这封信：
?confirmation_token=3D=
4e7effb6e855f1a9d10d6fc07069325f1346d16c302fdac2e407de92a00e5173
它看起来很麻烦，因为确认令牌中有一个等号。
似乎无论我创建用户多少次，我都会获得等号。
confirmation_token=3D=
b2cd338fbbd4b19f11c69ba4d8bffe2876ae853c7d86ca058ef0e919e24e15aa
这是什么3D=？
我正在使用
设计（3.4.1） rails（4.2.3）
谢谢！
如果您需要任何其他信息，请告诉我。
配置/初始化/ devise.rb：
# Use this hook to configure devise mailer, warden hooks and so forth.
# Many of these configuration options can be set straight in your model.
Devise.setup do |config|
# ==> Mailer Configuration
# Configure the e-mail address which will be shown in Devise::Mailer,
# note that it will be overwritten if you use your own mailer class with default "from" parameter.
config.mailer_sender = "my@email.com"
# Configure the class responsible to send e-mails.
# config.mailer = "Devise::Mailer"
# ==> ORM configuration
# Load and configure the ORM. Supports :active_record (default) and
# :mongoid (bson_ext recommended) by default. Other ORMs may be
# available as additional gems.
require 'devise/orm/active_record'
# ==> Configuration for any authentication mechanism
# Configure which keys are used when authenticating a user. The default is
# just :email. You can configure it to use [:username, :subdomain], so for
# authenticating a user, both parameters are required. Remember that those
# parameters are used only when authenticating and not when retrieving from
# session. If you need permissions, you should implement that in a before filter.
# You can also supply a hash where the value is a boolean determining whether
# or not authentication should be aborted when the value is not present.
# config.authentication_keys = [ :email ]
# Configure parameters from the request object used for authentication. Each entry
# given should be a request method and it will automatically be passed to the
# find_for_authentication method and considered in your model lookup. For instance,
# if you set :request_keys to [:subdomain], :subdomain will be used on authentication.
# The same considerations mentioned for authentication_keys also apply to request_keys.
# config.request_keys = []
# Configure which authentication keys should be case-insensitive.
# These keys will be downcased upon creating or modifying a user and when used
# to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.
config.case_insensitive_keys = [ :email ]
# Configure which authentication keys should have whitespace stripped.
# These keys will have whitespace before and after removed upon creating or
# modifying a user and when used to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.
config.strip_whitespace_keys = [ :email ]
# Tell if authentication through request.params is enabled. True by default.
# It can be set to an array that will enable params authentication only for the
# given strategies, for example, `config.params_authenticatable = [:database]` will
# enable it only for database (email + password) authentication.
# config.params_authenticatable = true
# Tell if authentication through HTTP Auth is enabled. False by default.
# It can be set to an array that will enable http authentication only for the
# given strategies, for example, `config.http_authenticatable = [:token]` will
# enable it only for token authentication. The supported strategies are:
# :database = Support basic authentication with authentication key + password
# :token = Support basic authentication with token authentication key
# :token_options = Support token authentication with options as defined in
# http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/HttpAuthentication/Token.html
# config.http_authenticatable = false
# If http headers should be returned for AJAX requests. True by default.
# config.http_authenticatable_on_xhr = true
# The realm used in Http Basic Authentication. "Application" by default.
# config.http_authentication_realm = "Application"
# It will change confirmation, password recovery and other workflows
# to behave the same regardless if the e-mail provided was right or wrong.
# Does not affect registerable.
# config.paranoid = true
# By default Devise will store the user in session. You can skip storage for
# :http_auth and :token_auth by adding those symbols to the array below.
# Notice that if you are skipping storage for all authentication paths, you
# may want to disable generating routes to Devise's sessions controller by
# passing :skip => :sessions to `devise_for` in your config/routes.rb
config.skip_session_storage = [:http_auth]
# By default, Devise cleans up the CSRF token on authentication to
# avoid CSRF token fixation attacks. This means that, when using AJAX
# requests for sign in and sign up, you need to get a new CSRF token
# from the server. You can disable this option at your own risk.
# config.clean_up_csrf_token_on_authentication = true
# ==> Configuration for :database_authenticatable
# For bcrypt, this is the cost for hashing the password and defaults to 10. If
# using other encryptors, it sets how many times you want the password re-encrypted.
#
# Limiting the stretches to just one in testing will increase the performance of
# your test suite dramatically. However, it is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to not use
# a value less than 10 in other environments.
config.stretches = Rails.env.test? ? 1 : 10
# Setup a pepper to generate the encrypted password.
# config.pepper = "generate something obnoxiously hard to remember"
config.secret_key = ENV['DEVISE_SECRET_KEY'] || '1234'
# config.allow_insecure_token_lookup = true
# ==> Configuration for :confirmable
# A period that the user is allowed to access the website even without
# confirming his account. For instance, if set to 2.days, the user will be
# able to access the website for two days without confirming his account,
# access will be blocked just in the third day. Default is 0.days, meaning
# the user cannot access the website without confirming his account.
# config.allow_unconfirmed_access_for = 2.days
# A period that the user is allowed to confirm their account before their
# token becomes invalid. For example, if set to 3.days, the user can confirm
# their account within 3 days after the mail was sent, but on the fourth day
# their account can't be confirmed with the token any more.
# Default is nil, meaning there is no restriction on how long a user can take
# before confirming their account.
# config.confirm_within = 3.days
# If true, requires any email changes to be confirmed (exactly the same way as
# initial account confirmation) to be applied. Requires additional unconfirmed_email
# db field (see migrations). Until confirmed new email is stored in
# unconfirmed email column, and copied to email column on successful confirmation.
config.reconfirmable = true
# Defines which key will be used when confirming an account
# config.confirmation_keys = [ :email ]
# ==> Configuration for :rememberable
# The time the user will be remembered without asking for credentials again.
# config.remember_for = 2.weeks
# If true, extends the user's remember period when remembered via cookie.
# config.extend_remember_period = false
# Options to be passed to the created cookie. For instance, you can set
# :secure => true in order to force SSL only cookies.
# config.rememberable_options = {}
# ==> Configuration for :validatable
# Range for password length. Default is 8..128.
config.password_length = 8..128
# Email regex used to validate email formats. It simply asserts that
# one (and only one) @ exists in the given string. This is mainly
# to give user feedback and not to assert the e-mail validity.
# config.email_regexp = /\A[^@]+@[^@]+\z/
# ==> Configuration for :timeoutable
# The time you want to timeout the user session without activity. After this
# time the user will be asked for credentials again. Default is 30 minutes.
# config.timeout_in = 30.minutes
# If true, expires auth token on session timeout.
# config.expire_auth_token_on_timeout = false
# ==> Configuration for :lockable
# Defines which strategy will be used to lock an account.
# :failed_attempts = Locks an account after a number of failed attempts to sign in.
# :none = No lock strategy. You should handle locking by yourself.
# config.lock_strategy = :failed_attempts
# Defines which key will be used when locking and unlocking an account
# config.unlock_keys = [ :email ]
# Defines which strategy will be used to unlock an account.
# :email = Sends an unlock link to the user email
# :time = Re-enables login after a certain amount of time (see :unlock_in below)
# :both = Enables both strategies
# :none = No unlock strategy. You should handle unlocking by yourself.
# config.unlock_strategy = :both
# Number of authentication tries before locking an account if lock_strategy
# is failed attempts.
# config.maximum_attempts = 20
# Time interval to unlock the account if :time is enabled as unlock_strategy.
# config.unlock_in = 1.hour
# ==> Configuration for :recoverable
#
# Defines which key will be used when recovering the password for an account
# config.reset_password_keys = [ :email ]
# Time interval you can reset your password with a reset password key.
# Don't put a too small interval or your users won't have the time to
# change their passwords.
config.reset_password_within = 6.hours
# ==> Configuration for :encryptable
# Allow you to use another encryption algorithm besides bcrypt (default). You can use
# :sha1, :sha512 or encryptors from others authentication tools as :clearance_sha1,
# :authlogic_sha512 (then you should set stretches above to 20 for default behavior)
# and :restful_authentication_sha1 (then you should set stretches to 10, and copy
# REST_AUTH_SITE_KEY to pepper).
#
# Require the `devise-encryptable` gem when using anything other than bcrypt
# config.encryptor = :sha512
# ==> Configuration for :token_authenticatable
# Defines name of the authentication token params key
# config.token_authentication_key = :auth_token
# ==> Scopes configuration
# Turn scoped views on. Before rendering "sessions/new", it will first check for
# "users/sessions/new". It's turned off by default because it's slower if you
# are using only default views.
# config.scoped_views = false
# Configure the default scope given to Warden. By default it's the first
# devise role declared in your routes (usually :user).
# config.default_scope = :user
# Set this configuration to false if you want /users/sign_out to sign out
# only the current scope. By default, Devise signs out all scopes.
# config.sign_out_all_scopes = true
# ==> Navigation configuration
# Lists the formats that should be treated as navigational. Formats like
# :html, should redirect to the sign in page when the user does not have
# access, but formats like :xml or :json, should return 401.
#
# If you have any extra navigational formats, like :iphone or :mobile, you
# should add them to the navigational formats lists.
#
# The "*/*" below is required to match Internet Explorer requests.
# config.navigational_formats = ["*/*", :html]
# The default HTTP method used to sign out a resource. Default is :delete.
config.sign_out_via = :delete
# ==> OmniAuth
# Add a new OmniAuth provider. Check the wiki for more information on setting
# up on your models and hooks.
# config.omniauth :github, 'APP_ID', 'APP_SECRET', :scope => 'user,public_repo'
# ==> Warden configuration
# If you want to use other strategies, that are not supported by Devise, or
# change the failure app, you can configure them inside the config.warden block.
#
# config.warden do |manager|
# manager.intercept_401 = false
# manager.default_strategies(:scope => :user).unshift :some_external_strategy
# end
# ==> Mountable engine configurations
# When using Devise inside an engine, let's call it `MyEngine`, and this engine
# is mountable, there are some extra configurations to be taken into account.
# The following options are available, assuming the engine is mounted as:
#
# mount MyEngine, at: "/my_engine"
#
# The router that invoked `devise_for`, in the example above, would be:
# config.router_name = :my_engine
#
# When using omniauth, Devise cannot automatically set Omniauth path,
# so you need to do it manually. For the users scope, it would be:
# config.omniauth_path_prefix = "/my_engine/users/auth"
end
更新
3D，如果作为URI代码，%3D是等号（=），则将我的查询读为：
?confirmation_token===4aewhatever这真的很奇怪。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
在app/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions.html.slim尝试更改此
a href="#{confirmation_url(@resource, :confirmation_token => @resource.confirmation_token).html_safe}" Confirm my account
进入这个
= link_to "Confirm my account", confirmation_url(@resource, :confirmation_token => @resource.confirmation_token)
<强> UPD
案件结案。链接没有错，这只是MIME引用可打印编码的工件。
(1) (General 8bit representation) Any octet, except a CR or
LF that is part of a CRLF line break of the canonical
(standard) form of the data being encoded, may be
represented by an "=" followed by a two digit
hexadecimal representation of the octet's value. The
digits of the hexadecimal alphabet, for this purpose,
are "0123456789ABCDEF". Uppercase letters must be
used; lowercase letters are not allowed. Thus, for
example, the decimal value 12 (US-ASCII form feed) can
be represented by "=0C", and the decimal value 61 (US-
ASCII EQUAL SIGN) can be represented by "=3D". This
rule must be followed except when the following rules
allow an alternative encoding.
(5) (Soft Line Breaks) The Quoted-Printable encoding
REQUIRES that encoded lines be no more than 76
characters long. If longer lines are to be encoded
with the Quoted-Printable encoding, "soft" line breaks
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies (RFC 2045)
所以，
<a href=3D"http://swing.vhost/users/confirmation?confirmation_token=3D=
b2cd338fbbd4b19f11c69ba4d8bffe2876ae853c7d86ca058ef0e919e24e15aa">Confirm=
my account</a>
只是常规链接：=3D是等号（=），行尾的单=是soft line break（即表示没有换行符插入这里。）