另一个类中的Java ActionListener - 从主类访问对象

时间:2015-08-07 13:08:47

标签: java awt actionlistener

我正在写一个简单的BMI计算器程序。该应用程序包括ActionListener,它处理按钮单击,检查是否填写了文本字段并执行计算。

目前,ActionListener方法是主类的子类。它看起来像这样:

BMICalc.java

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class BMICalc extends JFrame {

    private JMenuBar menuBar1;
    private JMenu jMenu1;
    private JMenuItem jMenuItem1, jMenuItem2;
    private JButton jButton1;
    private JPanel mainPanel, jPanel1;
    private JLabel jLabel1, jLabel2;
    private JTextField jTextField1, jTextField2;


    private BMICalc() {

        super("BMI Calculator");

        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setSize(new Dimension(250, 300));
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setLayout(new BorderLayout(10, 10));


        mainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(10, 10));
        mainPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
        add(mainPanel);

        jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(6,2));
        mainPanel.add(jPanel1, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        menuBar1 = new JMenuBar();

            jMenu1 = new JMenu("Help");
            menuBar1.add(jMenu1);

                jMenuItem1 = new JMenuItem("The purpose");
                jMenu1.add(jMenuItem1);

                jMenuItem2 = new JMenuItem("About");
                jMenu1.add(jMenuItem2);

        setJMenuBar(menuBar1);

        jLabel1 = new JLabel("Enter weight in [kg]:");
        jPanel1.add(jLabel1);

        jTextField1 = new JTextField("");
        jPanel1.add(jTextField1);

        jLabel2 = new JLabel("Enter height in [cm]:");
        jPanel1.add(jLabel2);

        jTextField2 = new JTextField("");
        jPanel1.add(jTextField2);

        jButton1 = new JButton("Calculate");
        mainPanel.add(jButton1, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        Handler handler = new Handler();
        jButton1.addActionListener(handler);
        jMenuItem1.addActionListener(handler);
        jMenuItem2.addActionListener(handler);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                BMICalc bmicalc = new BMICalc();
                bmicalc.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    private class Handler implements ActionListener {

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {

            if (event.getSource() == jButton1) {

                if (jTextField1.getText().equals("") || jTextField2.getText().equals("")) {

                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "All fields must be filled in!", "Error", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
                }
                else {
                    Calculations calcs = new Calculations();
                    calcs.calculateBMI(jTextField1.getText(), jTextField2.getText());
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Your BMI: " +calcs.returnBMI());
                }
            }
            else if (event.getSource() == jMenuItem1) {

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "The program calculates BMI based on information entered by user." , "The purpose of this program", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            }
            else if (event.getSource() == jMenuItem2) {

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "BMI Calc v. 1.0 " , "About", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            }


        }

    }

}

Calculations.java

public class Calculations {

        private double BMI;
        private int weight, height;

        public void calculateBMI(String sWeight, String sHeight) {

            weight = Integer.parseInt(sWeight);
            height = Integer.parseInt(sHeight);
            BMI = weight/(height*height*0.0001);
        }

        public String returnBMI() {

            return String.format("%.2f", BMI);

        }
}

它工作正常,但我想使代码'clenaer'并使Handler成为另一个文件中的类,而不是子类。我创建了一个 Handler.java 并移动了整个Handler子类,但该类没有看到jTextFields和jButton,因为它们是私有的(就我而言,它们应该是定)。

我如何分离ActionListener类,访问其中的这些jObjects,并且对隐私内容仍然公平?

非常感谢您的回答。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

您可以使用构造函数将所需对象传递给Handler类:

public class Handler {

     private JButton button;
     private JTextField textField;

     public Handler(JButton button, JTextField textField) {
          this.button = button;
          this.textField = textField;
     }

}

当您实例化该类时,您只需传入所需的两个变量:

Handler handler = new Handler(jButton1, jTextField1);

说明:

你的Handler类是BMICalc内部类。当嵌套类不是静态的时(参见静态和非静态嵌套类之间的区别),这意味着这些类的对象存在于父类的对象中。这就是你的Handler课程看到私人领域的原因。

当类是静态的时候,这对我们来说没问题。您只需将这些变量以某种方式传递给Handler(构造函数或setter字段),然后您可以将您的类重用于其他按钮文本字段组合。

编辑:还有另一种方式:

如果要在此处使用您的处理程序,并且仅在此处使用,而在代码中没有其他地方,则可以实例化匿名处理程序并将其分配给字段(无需在其他位置重用)。所以,例如:

jMenuItem1.addActionListener(new Handler() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "The program calculates BMI based on information entered by user." , "The purpose of this program", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }
});

jMenuItem2.addActionListener(new Handler() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "BMI Calc v. 1.0 " , "About", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }
});

现在你不必创建一个包含大量字段和ifs的巨大Handler ......

答案 1 :(得分:0)

请注意,您显示的类Handler不是Main子类。成为子类意味着它继承。你拥有的是内部类

您需要将引用传递给处理程序,以便它可以引用它们。例如:

public class Handler implements ActionListener {
    private final JTextField jTextField1;
    private final JButton jButton1;
    public Handler(final JTextField textField, final JButton button)
        {
        this.jTextField1 = textField;
        this.jButton1 = button;
        }
}

并按照以下方式创建:

Handler handler = new Handler(jTextField1, jButton1);

答案 2 :(得分:0)

如果你想在其他类中保护那些JTextFieldJMenuItem,而在另一个classe中使用处理程序,那么你需要在BMICalc类中添加一些方法:

public boolean isButton1(ActionEvent event) {
    return event.getSource() == jButton1;
}

public boolean isJMenuItem1(ActionEvent event) {
    return event.getSource() == jMenuItem1;
}

public boolean isJMenuItem2(ActionEvent event) {
    return event.getSource() == jMenuItem2;
}


public String getJButton1Text() {
    return this.jButton1.getText();
}

public String getJTextField1Text() {
    return jTextField1.getText();
}

public String getJTextField2Text() {
    return jTextField2.getText();
}

然后你需要有以下Handler类:

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Handler implements ActionListener {

private final BMICalc calc;

public Handler(BMICalc calc) {
    this.calc = calc;
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {

    if (calc.isButton1(event)) {

        if (calc.getJTextField1Text().equals("") || calc.getJTextField2Text().equals("")) {

            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "All fields must be filled in!", "Error", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        }
        else {
            Calculations calcs = new Calculations();
            calcs.calculateBMI(calc.getJTextField1Text(), calc.getJTextField2Text());
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Your BMI: " +calcs.returnBMI());
        }
    }
    else if (calc.isJMenuItem1(event)) {

        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "The program calculates BMI based on information entered by user." , "The purpose of this program", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }
    else if (calc.isJMenuItem2(event)) {

        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "BMI Calc v. 1.0 " , "About", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }


}

}

并在BMICalc

中更改
Handler handler = new Handler(this);

但是由于处理程序应该只处理此视图的按钮和输入(以及BMICalc类),因此将Handler类保持为私有状态对我来说更有意义(对我而言) BMICalc类)。 希望这有帮助!