django.db.utils.IntegrityError:(1062,“重复条目''为密钥'slug'”)

时间:2015-09-03 19:17:27

标签: python mysql django django-1.7

我正在尝试关注tangowithdjango书,必须添加一个slug来更新类别表。但是,我在尝试迁移数据库后遇到错误。

http://www.tangowithdjango.com/book17/chapters/models_templates.html#creating-a-details-page

我没有为slug提供默认值,所以Django要求我提供一个,并且在书中指示我输入''。

值得注意的是,我没有使用原版书中的sqlite,而是使用了mysql。

models.py
from django.db import models
from django.template.defaultfilters import slugify

# Create your models here.
class Category(models.Model):
      name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
      views = models.IntegerField(default=0)
      likes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
      slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)

      def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
              self.slug = slugify(self.name)
              super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

       class Meta:
              verbose_name_plural = "Categories"

       def __unicode__(self):
              return self.name

class Page(models.Model):
        category = models.ForeignKey(Category)
        title = models.CharField(max_length=128)
        url = models.URLField()
        views = models.IntegerField(default=0)

        def __unicode__(self):
                return self.title

命令提示符

sudo python manage.py migrate       
Operations to perform:
   Apply all migrations: admin, rango, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying rango.0003_category_slug...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 385, in  execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 377, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 338, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 160, in handle
executor.migrate(targets, plan, fake=options.get("fake", False))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 63, in migrate
self.apply_migration(migration, fake=fake)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 97, in apply_migration
migration.apply(project_state, schema_editor)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 107, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, project_state, new_state)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 37, in database_forwards
field,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/schema.py", line 42, in add_field
super(DatabaseSchemaEditor, self).add_field(model, field)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/schema.py", line 411, in add_field
self.execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/schema.py", line 98, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 81, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 128, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 205, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorclass, errorvalue
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: (1062, "Duplicate entry '' for key 'slug'")

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

让我们一步一步地分析它:

  1. 您正在使用slug添加unique = True字段,这意味着:每条记录必须具有不同的值,slug
  2. 中不能有两条具有相同值的记录
  3. 您正在创建迁移:django会询问您是否已存在于数据库中的字段的默认值,因此您提供了''(空字符串)作为该值。
  4. 现在django正在尝试迁移您的数据库。在数据库中,我们至少有2条记录
  5. 迁移第一条记录,slug列填充空字符串。这很好,因为slug字段
  6. 中没有其他记录有空字符串
  7. 迁移第二条记录,slug列填充空字符串。这失败了,因为第一条记录在slug字段中已经有空字符串。提出异常并中止迁移。
  8. 这就是您的迁移失败的原因。您应该做的就是编辑迁移,复制migrations.AlterField操作两次,在第一次操作中删除unique = True。在这些操作之间,您应该执行migrations.RunPython操作,并在其中提供2个参数:generate_slugsmigrations.RunPython.noop

    现在,您必须在迁移功能之前创建迁移功能,并将该功能命名为generate_slugs。函数应该有两个参数:appsschema_editor。在你的函数放在第一行:

    Category = apps.get_model('your_app_name', 'Category')
    

    现在使用Category.objects.all()循环所有记录并为每个记录提供唯一的slug。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

如果您的表格中有多个类别,则表示您不能拥有unique=Truedefault='',因为这样您将拥有多个slug=''类别。如果你的教程说要做到这一点,那么这是一个糟糕的建议,尽管它可能在SQLite中有用。

向模型添加唯一字段的正确方法是:

  1. 删除当前无法正常运行的迁移。
  2. 使用unique=False添加slug字段。创建一个新的迁移并运行它。
  3. 为每个类别设置一个独特的slug。听起来像rango populate脚本可能会这样做。或者,您可以编写一个迁移来设置slug,甚至可以在Django管理员中手动设置它们。
  4. 将slug字段更改为unique=True。创建一个新的迁移并运行它。
  5. 如果这太难了,那么你可以从数据库中删除所有类别,除了一个。然后,您的当前迁移将在没有唯一约束问题的情况下运行。您可以在之后再次添加类别。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

您的表中必须有空行的行,这违反了您创建的mysql唯一约束。您可以通过运行manage.py dbshell来手动更新它们以进入mysql客户端,然后更新有问题的行,例如

update table rango_category set slug = name where slug = '';

(假设具有空白slugs的行具有名称)。或者您可以使用

删除行

delete from rango_category where slug = '';

之后,您应该能够运行迁移。