for循环

Question

有很多类似的问题，但我无法找到问题的答案。我正在编写自己的随机数生成器（用于学习目的）。我在这里粘贴代码的重要部分：

long rng(long x0, long c, long p)
{
    long x = (c*x0) % p;
    return x;
}

在main()函数中，我迭代此rng()

long x2 = 37951;                    // initialize the seed
long c = 69069; long p = pow(2,32); // initialize c and p

for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
    long x1 = rng(x2,c,p);
    long x2 = rng(x1,c,p);
    cout << x1 << "\t" << x2 <<endl;
}

之后我想生成极坐标，我需要在每个循环中生成2个随机数。如您所见，种子只被初始化一次，但我得到的结果是：

2621237619  504678423
2621237619  504678423
2621237619  504678423
2621237619  504678423
2621237619  504678423

如果我只生成x2（带long x2 = rng(x1,c,p);），我会在每个循环中得到不同的结果。有人可以告诉我为什么吗？

Answer 1

这是因为用于计算x2的{​​{1}}未被更新，因为它被定义为局部变量。

试试这个：

x1

注意：如果#include <iostream> #include <cmath> using std::cout; using std::endl; long rng(long x0, long c, long p) { long x = (c*x0) % p; return x; } int main(void) { long x2 = 37951; // initialize the seed long c = 69069; long p = pow(2,32); // initialize c and p int n = 5; for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) { long x1 = rng(x2,c,p); x2 = rng(x1,c,p); cout << x1 << "\t" << x2 <<endl; } return 0; } 的大小为4字节（32位）或更小，则此代码不会正常工作。

Answer 2

因为你一次又一次地传递x2 x1，而x1被声明在外部循环而不在内部，你将x2传递给x2（本地到循环），但是因为你再次在这里声明x2 = 37951但是当每个循环结束时这超出了范围。所以基本上你每次x1传递long x2 = 37951; // initialize the seed long c = 69069; long p = pow(2, 32); // initialize c and p for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { long x1 = rng(x2, c, p); //long x2 = rng(x1,c,p) will declaring new variable every time //and this value will go out of scope when loop ends x2 = rng(x1, c, p); // reusing same x2 again so that it will hold value for next time cout << x1 << "\t" << x2 << endl; } 。

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