如何更改UIStackView的背景颜色？

Question

我试图在Storyboard检查器中将UIStackView背景从clear更改为white，但在模拟时，堆栈视图的背景颜色仍然具有清晰的颜色。
如何更改UIStackView的背景颜色？

Answer 1

  

你不能这样做 - UIStackView是非绘画视图，意思是   永远不会调用drawRect()，并忽略其背景颜色。如果你   拼命想要背景颜色，考虑放置堆栈视图   在另一个UIView内，并为该视图提供背景颜色。

来自HERE的参考。

修改

您可以按照HERE向UIStackView添加子视图。并为其指定颜色。请查看以下extension：

extension UIStackView {
    func addBackground(color: UIColor) {
        let subView = UIView(frame: bounds)
        subView.backgroundColor = color
        subView.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
        insertSubview(subView, at: 0)
    }
}

您可以像以下一样使用它：

stackView.addBackground(color: .red)

Answer 2

我这样做：

@IBDesignable
class StackView: UIStackView {
   @IBInspectable private var color: UIColor?
    override var backgroundColor: UIColor? {
        get { return color }
        set {
            color = newValue
            self.setNeedsLayout() // EDIT 2017-02-03 thank you @BruceLiu
        }
    }

    private lazy var backgroundLayer: CAShapeLayer = {
        let layer = CAShapeLayer()
        self.layer.insertSublayer(layer, at: 0)
        return layer
    }()
    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()
        backgroundLayer.path = UIBezierPath(rect: self.bounds).cgPath
        backgroundLayer.fillColor = self.backgroundColor?.cgColor
    }
}

像魅力一样工作

Answer 3

UIStackView是一个非呈现元素，因此，它不会在屏幕上绘制。这意味着改变backgroundColor基本上什么都不做。如果您想更改背景颜色，只需将UIView添加为子视图（未排列），如下所示：

extension UIStackView {

    func addBackground(color: UIColor) {
        let subview = UIView(frame: bounds)
        subview.backgroundColor = color
        subview.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
        insertSubview(subview, at: 0)
    }

}

Answer 4

TL; DR：执行此操作的官方方法是使用addSubview:方法将空视图添加到堆栈视图中，然后设置添加的视图背景。

解释：UIStackView是一个特殊的UIView子类，只做布局而不是绘图。因此，它的许多房产都像往常一样无法正常工作。由于UIStackView将仅布置其排列的子视图，这意味着您只需使用addSubview:方法添加UIView，设置其约束和背景颜色即可。这是实现您想要的quoted from WWDC session

的官方方式

Answer 5

将UIStackView嵌入到UIView中并将背景颜色设置为视图时，最简单，更易读，更少hacky的方法可能是最简单的。

并且不要忘记在这两个视图之间正确配置自动布局约束...... ;-)

Answer 6

Pitiphong是正确的，要获得具有背景颜色的stackview，请执行以下操作...

  let bg = UIView(frame: stackView.bounds)
  bg.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
  bg.backgroundColor = UIColor.red

  stackView.insertSubview(bg, at: 0)

这将为您提供一个堆栈视图，其内容将放置在红色背景上。

要向stackview添加填充以使内容不与边缘齐平，请在代码中或故事板上添加以下内容...

  stackView.isLayoutMarginsRelativeArrangement = true
  stackView.layoutMargins = UIEdgeInsets(top: 8, left: 8, bottom: 8, right: 8)

Answer 7

值得指出的是，从 iOS 14 开始，UIStackViews会渲染背景颜色。您可以通过Storyboard的Background属性设置UIStackView的背景。

或使用以下代码：

if #available(iOS 14.0, *) {
    stackView.backgroundColor = .green
} else {
    // Fallback for older versions of iOS
}

Answer 8

在iOS10中，@ Arbitur的答案在设置颜色后需要setNeedsLayout。这是需要的改变：

override var backgroundColor: UIColor? {
    get { return color }
    set { 
        color = newValue
        setNeedsLayout()
    }
}

Answer 9

这适用于Swift 3和iOS 10：

let stackView = UIStackView()
let subView = UIView()
subView.backgroundColor = .red
subView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
stackView.addSubview(subView) // Important: addSubview() not addArrangedSubview()

// use whatever constraint method you like to 
// constrain subView to the size of stackView.
subView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.topAnchor).isActive = true
subView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
subView.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.leftAnchor).isActive = true
subView.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.rightAnchor).isActive = true

// now add your arranged subViews...
stackView.addArrangedSubview(button1)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(button2)

Answer 10

以下是添加堆栈视图背景颜色的简要概述。

class RevealViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet private weak var rootStackView: UIStackView!

创建带圆角的背景视图

private lazy var backgroundView: UIView = {
    let view = UIView()
    view.backgroundColor = .purple
    view.layer.cornerRadius = 10.0
    return view
}()

为了使它显示为背景，我们将它添加到索引0处的根堆栈视图的子视图数组中。这将它放在堆栈视图的排列视图后面。

private func pinBackground(_ view: UIView, to stackView: UIStackView) {
    view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    stackView.insertSubview(view, at: 0)
    view.pin(to: stackView)
}

通过在UIView上使用小扩展，添加约束以将backgroundView固定到堆栈视图的边缘。

public extension UIView {
  public func pin(to view: UIView) {
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
      leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor),
      trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor),
      topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor),
      bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor)
      ])
  }
}

从pinBackground

致电viewDidLoad

override func viewDidLoad() {
  super.viewDidLoad()
  pinBackground(backgroundView, to: rootStackView)
}

参考文献：HERE

Answer 11

您可以扩展UIStackView

extension UIStackView {
    func setBackgroundColor(_ color: UIColor) {
        let backgroundView = UIView(frame: .zero)
        backgroundView.backgroundColor = color
        backgroundView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        self.insertSubview(backgroundView, at: 0)
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            backgroundView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.topAnchor),
            backgroundView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leadingAnchor),
            backgroundView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor),
            backgroundView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.trailingAnchor)
            ])
    }
}

用法：

yourStackView.setBackgroundColor(.black)

Answer 12

有很好的答案，但我发现它们不完整，所以这是我基于其中最好的版本：

    /// This extension addes missing background color to stack views on iOS 13 and earlier
extension UIStackView {
    
    private struct CustomAttributeNames {
        static var _backgroundView = "_backgroundView"
    }
    
    @IBInspectable var customBackgroundColor: UIColor? {
        get { backgroundColor }
        set { setBackgroundColor(newValue) }
    }
    
    var backgroundView: UIView {
        if let view = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &CustomAttributeNames._backgroundView) as? UIView {
            return view
        }
        
        let view = UIView(frame: bounds)
        view.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
        
        insertSubview(view, at: 0)
        
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self,
                                 &CustomAttributeNames._backgroundView,
                                 view,
                                 objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        
        return view
    }
    
    func setBackgroundColor(_ color: UIColor?) {
        backgroundColor = color
        backgroundView.backgroundColor = color
    }
}

Answer 13

如果您想通过设计器本身进行控制，请将此扩展添加到堆栈视图中

 @IBInspectable var customBackgroundColor: UIColor?{
     get{
        return backgroundColor
     }
     set{
        backgroundColor = newValue
         let subview = UIView(frame: bounds)
         subview.backgroundColor = newValue
         subview.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
         insertSubview(subview, at: 0)
     }
 }

Answer 14

我们可以有一个自定义类StackView，如下所示：

class StackView: UIStackView {
    lazy var backgroundView: UIView = {
        let otherView = UIView()
        addPinedSubview(otherView)
        return otherView
    }()
}

extension UIView {
    func addPinedSubview(_ otherView: UIView) {
        addSubview(otherView)
        otherView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            otherView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor),
            otherView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor),
            otherView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: heightAnchor),
            otherView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor),
        ])
    }
}

它可以像这样使用：

let stackView = StackView()
stackView.backgroundView.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGray

这比其他人建议的添加扩展功能func addBackground(color: UIColor)稍好。背景视图是惰性的，因此只有您实际调用stackView.backgroundView.backgroundColor = ...时才能创建背景视图。并且多次设置/更改背景颜色不会导致在堆栈视图中插入多个子视图。

Answer 15

您不能将背景添加到stackview。 但是您可以做的是在视图中添加stackview，然后设置视图背景，这将完成工作。 *它不会中断stackview的流程。 希望这会有所帮助。

Answer 16

对于Subclassing UI组件，我有点怀疑。这就是我的使用方式，

struct CustomAttributeNames{
        static var _backgroundView = "_backgroundView"
    }

extension UIStackView{

var backgroundView:UIView {
        get {
            if let view = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &CustomAttributeNames._backgroundView) as? UIView {
                return view
            }
            //Create and add
            let view = UIView(frame: .zero)
            view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
            insertSubview(view, at: 0)
            NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
              view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.topAnchor),
              view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leadingAnchor),
              view.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor),
              view.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.trailingAnchor)
            ])

            objc_setAssociatedObject(self,
                                     &CustomAttributeNames._backgroundView,
                                     view,
                                     objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)

            return view
        }
    }
}

这是用法

stackView.backgroundView.backgroundColor = .white
stackView.backgroundView.layer.borderWidth = 2.0
stackView.backgroundView.layer.borderColor = UIColor.red.cgColor
stackView.backgroundView.layer.cornerRadius = 4.0

注意：使用这种方法，如果要设置边框，则必须在stackView上设置layoutMargins，以便边框可见。

Answer 17

您可以在StackView中插入一个子层，它对我有用：

@interface StackView ()
@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) CALayer *ly;
@end

@implementation StackView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
    if (self) {
        _ly = [CALayer new];
        [self.layer addSublayer:_ly];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setBackgroundColor:(UIColor *)backgroundColor {
    [super setBackgroundColor:backgroundColor];
    self.ly.backgroundColor = backgroundColor.CGColor;
}

- (void)layoutSubviews {
    self.ly.frame = self.bounds;
    [super layoutSubviews];
}

@end

Answer 18

子类UIStackView

class CustomStackView : UIStackView {

private var _bkgColor: UIColor?
override public var backgroundColor: UIColor? {
    get { return _bkgColor }
    set {
        _bkgColor = newValue
        setNeedsLayout()
    }
}

private lazy var backgroundLayer: CAShapeLayer = {
    let layer = CAShapeLayer()
    self.layer.insertSublayer(layer, at: 0)
    return layer
}()

override public func layoutSubviews() {
    super.layoutSubviews()
    backgroundLayer.path = UIBezierPath(rect: self.bounds).cgPath
    backgroundLayer.fillColor = self.backgroundColor?.cgColor
}
}

然后在您的班上

yourStackView.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGray

Answer 19

Xamarin，C＃版本：

var stackView = new UIStackView { Axis = UILayoutConstraintAxis.Vertical };

UIView bg = new UIView(stackView.Bounds);
bg.AutoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizing.FlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizing.FlexibleHeight;
bg.BackgroundColor = UIColor.White;
stackView.AddSubview(bg);

Answer 20

UIStackView *stackView;
UIView *stackBkg = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
stackBkg.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
[self.view insertSubview:stackBkg belowSubview:stackView];
stackBkg.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
[[stackBkg.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:stackView.topAnchor] setActive:YES];
[[stackBkg.bottomAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:stackView.bottomAnchor] setActive:YES];
[[stackBkg.leftAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:stackView.leftAnchor] setActive:YES];
[[stackBkg.rightAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:stackView.rightAnchor] setActive:YES];

Answer 21

尝试BoxView。它类似于UIStackView，但是它正在呈现并支持更多的布局选项。

Answer 22

你可以这样做：

stackView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue

通过提供扩展来覆盖backgroundColor：

extension UIStackView {

    override open var backgroundColor: UIColor? {

        get {
            return super.backgroundColor
        }

        set {

            super.backgroundColor = newValue

            let tag = -9999
            for view in subviews where view.tag == tag {
                view.removeFromSuperview()
            }

            let subView = UIView()
            subView.tag = tag
            subView.backgroundColor = newValue
            subView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
            self.addSubview(subView)
            subView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.topAnchor).isActive = true
            subView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
            subView.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leftAnchor).isActive = true
            subView.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.rightAnchor).isActive = true
        }

    }

}