Question

如何直接写入控制台，而不必在c＃中使用stdout？我正在升级一些旧程序，它将stdout重定向到文件中（因为输出很重要），我需要以某种方式直接写入控制台，并且文本不会出现在stdout中。是否可以（不使用WinAPI）？

编辑：我知道写入stderr的可能性，通过，是否可以在控制台上设置stderr的光标位置？

Answer 1

你可以写信给Console.Error，虽然它可以被重定向，但它与stdout是分开的。

是否可以在控制台上设置stderr的光标位置？

修改：假设尚未重定向stderr，请参阅Console.CursorTop和Console.CursorLeft。您可能会觉得various other members on the Console class很有用。

要直接回答您的问题，请使用Win32 WriteConsole功能。据我所知，.NET框架没有直接写入控制台窗口的方法。

Answer 2

如果我运行您的程序并重定向其StandardOutput和StandardError，那么在没有控制台的情况下，您对写入的期望是什么？

出于这个原因，答案可能是“你不能”（除非使用疯狂的黑客攻击，这可能涉及你说你不想使用的Windows API）。

将控制台窗口视为一个UI元素，允许用户查看程序的stdout / stderr（以及提供stdin）。它并不存在于任何其他目的。

Answer 3

我实际上在不久前实现了低级别WriteConsoleOutput作为我写的基于终端的俄罗斯方块实现的一部分，因为使用Console.BackgroundColor和Console.Write进行彩色控制台输出，是远远的全屏刷新太慢了。执行原始缓冲区输出远更快。

注意，这会将文本写入屏幕上的某个位置（例如5,10），但不会更新或跟踪其自身的光标位置 - 使用此方法写入将更新文本缓冲区并显示输出，但光标不会移动。您需要使用其他方法手动移动并跟踪控制台光标，这不应该太困难。

这是我的代码：

主互操作类：

public static class LowLevelConsole {
    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    private static extern SafeFileHandle CreateFile(
        string fileName,
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] uint fileAccess,
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] uint fileShare,
        IntPtr securityAttributes,
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] FileMode creationDisposition,
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] int flags,
        IntPtr template);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool WriteConsoleOutput(
      SafeFileHandle hConsoleOutput,
      CharInfo[] lpBuffer,
      Coord dwBufferSize,
      Coord dwBufferCoord,
      ref SmallRect lpWriteRegion);

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct Coord {
        public short X;
        public short Y;

        public Coord(short X, short Y) {
            this.X = X;
            this.Y = Y;
        }
    };

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct CharUnion {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public char UnicodeChar;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public byte AsciiChar;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct CharInfo {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public CharUnion Char;
        [FieldOffset(2)]
        public ushort Attributes;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct SmallRect {
        public short Left;
        public short Top;
        public short Right;
        public short Bottom;
    }


    [STAThread]
    public static void Write(string line, CharacterAttribute attribute, short xLoc, short yLoc) {
        SafeFileHandle h = CreateFile("CONOUT$", 0x40000000, 2, IntPtr.Zero, FileMode.Open, 0, IntPtr.Zero);

        short writeHeight = 1;
        short writeWidth = (short)line.Length;

        if (!h.IsInvalid) {
            CharInfo[] buf = new CharInfo[writeWidth * writeHeight];
            SmallRect rect = new SmallRect() { Left = xLoc, Top = yLoc, Right = (short)(writeWidth + xLoc), Bottom = (short)(writeHeight + yLoc) };

            for (int i = 0; i < writeWidth; i++) {
                buf[i].Attributes = (ushort)attribute;
                buf[i].Char.UnicodeChar = line[i];
            }

            bool b = WriteConsoleOutput(h, buf, new Coord() { X = writeWidth, Y = writeHeight }, new Coord() { X = 0, Y = 0 }, ref rect);
        }
    }

    [STAThread]
    public static bool WriteBuffer(CharInfo[,] buffer) { // returns true of success
        SafeFileHandle h = CreateFile("CONOUT$", 0x40000000, 2, IntPtr.Zero, FileMode.Open, 0, IntPtr.Zero);

        if (!h.IsInvalid) {
            short BufferWidth = (short)buffer.GetLength(0);
            short BufferHeight = (short)buffer.GetLength(1);
            CharInfo[] buf = new CharInfo[BufferWidth * BufferHeight];
            SmallRect rect = new SmallRect() { Left = 0, Top = 0, Right = BufferWidth, Bottom = BufferHeight };


            for (int y = 0; y < BufferHeight; y++) {
                for (int x = 0; x < BufferWidth; x++) {
                    buf[y * BufferWidth + x] = buffer[x, y];
                }
            }
            return WriteConsoleOutput(h, buf, new Coord() { X = BufferWidth, Y = BufferHeight }, new Coord() { X = 0, Y = 0 }, ref rect);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

Character attributes：

[Flags]
public enum CharacterAttribute : ushort {
    FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x0001,
    FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0002,
    FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0004,
    FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0008,
    BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x0010,
    BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x0020,
    BACKGROUND_RED = 0x0040,
    BACKGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0080,
    COMMON_LVB_LEADING_BYTE = 0x0100,
    COMMON_LVB_TRAILING_BYTE = 0x0200,
    COMMON_LVB_GRID_HORIZONTAL = 0x0400,
    COMMON_LVB_GRID_LVERTICAL = 0x0800,
    COMMON_LVB_GRID_RVERTICAL = 0x1000,
    COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO = 0x4000,
    COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE = 0x8000
}

测试代码：

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        // write to location 0,0
        LowLevelConsole.Write("Some test text", CharacterAttribute.BACKGROUND_BLUE | CharacterAttribute.FOREGROUND_RED, 0, 0);
        // write to location 5,10
        LowLevelConsole.Write("another test at a different location", 
            CharacterAttribute.FOREGROUND_GREEN | CharacterAttribute.FOREGROUND_BLUE,
            5, 10);
        Console.ReadLine();            
    }
}

不通过stdout写入控制台窗口

3 个答案: