在离开页面之前警告用户未保存的更改

时间:2016-03-10 16:30:35

标签: angular angular2-routing

我想在用户离开我的angular 2应用程序的特定页面之前警告用户未保存的更改。通常我会使用window.onbeforeunload,但这对单页应用程序不起作用。

我发现在角度1中,您可以加入$locationChangeStart事件,为用户抛出一个confirm框,但我还没有看到任何显示的内容如何使角度2工作,或者如果该事件仍然存在。我也看到plugins为ag1提供onbeforeunload的功能,但同样,我还没有看到任何方法将它用于ag2。

我希望其他人找到解决这个问题的方法;任何一种方法都可以用于我的目的。

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:162)

为了防止浏览器刷新,关闭窗口等(请参阅@ChristopheVidal对Günter答案的评论以获取有关此问题的详细信息),我发现将@HostListener装饰器添加到您的班级{ {1}}实施以监听canDeactivate beforeunload事件。如果配置正确,这将同时防止应用内和外部导航。

例如:

<强>组件:

window

<强>后卫:

import { ComponentCanDeactivate } from './pending-changes.guard';
import { HostListener } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';

export class MyComponent implements ComponentCanDeactivate {
  // @HostListener allows us to also guard against browser refresh, close, etc.
  @HostListener('window:beforeunload')
  canDeactivate(): Observable<boolean> | boolean {
    // insert logic to check if there are pending changes here;
    // returning true will navigate without confirmation
    // returning false will show a confirm dialog before navigating away
  }
}

<强>路线:

import { CanDeactivate } from '@angular/router';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';

export interface ComponentCanDeactivate {
  canDeactivate: () => boolean | Observable<boolean>;
}

@Injectable()
export class PendingChangesGuard implements CanDeactivate<ComponentCanDeactivate> {
  canDeactivate(component: ComponentCanDeactivate): boolean | Observable<boolean> {
    // if there are no pending changes, just allow deactivation; else confirm first
    return component.canDeactivate() ?
      true :
      // NOTE: this warning message will only be shown when navigating elsewhere within your angular app;
      // when navigating away from your angular app, the browser will show a generic warning message
      // see http://stackoverflow.com/a/42207299/7307355
      confirm('WARNING: You have unsaved changes. Press Cancel to go back and save these changes, or OK to lose these changes.');
  }
}

<强>模块:

import { PendingChangesGuard } from './pending-changes.guard';
import { MyComponent } from './my.component';
import { Routes } from '@angular/router';

export const MY_ROUTES: Routes = [
  { path: '', component: MyComponent, canDeactivate: [PendingChangesGuard] },
];

注意:正如@JasperRisseeuw所指出的那样,IE和Edge处理import { PendingChangesGuard } from './pending-changes.guard'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; @NgModule({ // ... providers: [PendingChangesGuard], // ... }) export class AppModule {} 事件的方式与其他浏览器不同,并且在{时{1}}中包含单词beforeunload {1}}事件激活(例如,浏览器刷新,关闭窗口等)。在Angular应用程序中导航不受影响,并将正确显示您指定的确认警告消息。那些需要支持IE / Edge且不希望falsebeforeunload事件激活时在确认对话框中显示/想要更详细消息的人也可能希望看到@JasperRisseeuw的解决方法

答案 1 :(得分:61)

路由器提供生命周期回调CanDeactivate

有关详细信息,请参阅guards tutorial

class UserToken {}
class Permissions {
  canActivate(user: UserToken, id: string): boolean {
    return true;
  }
}
@Injectable()
class CanActivateTeam implements CanActivate {
  constructor(private permissions: Permissions, private currentUser: UserToken) {}
  canActivate(
    route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
    state: RouterStateSnapshot
  ): Observable<boolean>|Promise<boolean>|boolean {
    return this.permissions.canActivate(this.currentUser, route.params.id);
  }
}
@NgModule({
  imports: [
    RouterModule.forRoot([
      {
        path: 'team/:id',
        component: TeamCmp,
        canActivate: [CanActivateTeam]
      }
    ])
  ],
  providers: [CanActivateTeam, UserToken, Permissions]
})
class AppModule {}

原创(RC.x路由器)

class CanActivateTeam implements CanActivate {
  constructor(private permissions: Permissions, private currentUser: UserToken) {}
  canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot):Observable<boolean> {
    return this.permissions.canActivate(this.currentUser, this.route.params.id);
  }
}
bootstrap(AppComponent, [
  CanActivateTeam,
  provideRouter([{
    path: 'team/:id',
    component: Team,
    canActivate: [CanActivateTeam]
  }])
);

答案 2 :(得分:48)

来自stewdebaker的@Hostlistener的示例工作得很好,但我对它做了一个更改,因为IE和Edge显示了MyComponent类上的canDeactivate()方法返回给最终用户的“false”。

<强>组件:

import {ComponentCanDeactivate} from "./pending-changes.guard";
import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; // add this line

export class MyComponent implements ComponentCanDeactivate {

  canDeactivate(): Observable<boolean> | boolean {
    // insert logic to check if there are pending changes here;
    // returning true will navigate without confirmation
    // returning false will show a confirm alert before navigating away
  }

  // @HostListener allows us to also guard against browser refresh, close, etc.
  @HostListener('window:beforeunload', ['$event'])
  unloadNotification($event: any) {
    if (!this.canDeactivate()) {
        $event.returnValue = "This message is displayed to the user in IE and Edge when they navigate without using Angular routing (type another URL/close the browser/etc)";
    }
  }
}

答案 3 :(得分:8)

2020年6月的答案:

请注意,到目前为止,所有提出的解决方案都无法解决Angular的canDeactivate卫队的重大已知缺陷:

  1. 用户单击浏览器中的“后退”按钮,显示对话框,然后单击取消
  2. 用户再次单击“后退”按钮,显示对话框,然后单击确认
  3. 注意:用户向后浏览了2次,甚至可能将他们从应用程序中完全撤出:(

对此已进行了herehere和长度为here的讨论


请查看我对问题demonstrated here的解决方案,该解决方案可以安全解决此问题*。已在Chrome,Firefox和Edge上进行了测试。


* 重要注意事项:在此阶段,当单击后退按钮时,以上内容将清除前进的历史记录,但保留前进的历史记录。如果保留您的转发历史至关重要,则此解决方案将不合适。就我而言,通常在表单上使用master-detail路由策略,因此保持转发历史记录并不重要。

答案 4 :(得分:2)

我已经实现了@stewdebaker的解决方案,该解决方案效果非常好,但是我想要一个不错的bootstrap弹出窗口而不是笨重的标准JavaScript确认。假设你已经在使用ngx-bootstrap,你可以使用@ stwedebaker的解决方案,但是交换“守卫”#39;对于我在这里展示的人。您还需要介绍ngx-bootstrap/modal,然后添加新的ConfirmationComponent

保护

(替换&#39;确认&#39;使用将打开引导模式的功能 - 显示新的自定义ConfirmationComponent):

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { ConfirmationComponent } from './confirmation.component';

import { CanDeactivate } from '@angular/router';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import { BsModalService } from 'ngx-bootstrap/modal';
import { BsModalRef } from 'ngx-bootstrap/modal';

export interface ComponentCanDeactivate {
  canDeactivate: () => boolean | Observable<boolean>;
}

@Injectable()
export class PendingChangesGuard implements CanDeactivate<ComponentCanDeactivate> {

  modalRef: BsModalRef;

  constructor(private modalService: BsModalService) {};

  canDeactivate(component: ComponentCanDeactivate): boolean | Observable<boolean> {
    // if there are no pending changes, just allow deactivation; else confirm first
    return component.canDeactivate() ?
      true :
      // NOTE: this warning message will only be shown when navigating elsewhere within your angular app;
      // when navigating away from your angular app, the browser will show a generic warning message
      // see http://stackoverflow.com/a/42207299/7307355
      this.openConfirmDialog();
  }

  openConfirmDialog() {
    this.modalRef = this.modalService.show(ConfirmationComponent);
    return this.modalRef.content.onClose.map(result => {
        return result;
    })
  }
}

confirmation.component.html

<div class="alert-box">
    <div class="modal-header">
        <h4 class="modal-title">Unsaved changes</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="modal-body">
        Navigate away and lose them?
    </div>
    <div class="modal-footer">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" (click)="onConfirm()">Yes</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" (click)="onCancel()">No</button>        
    </div>
</div>

confirmation.component.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Subject } from 'rxjs/Subject';
import { BsModalRef } from 'ngx-bootstrap/modal';

@Component({
    templateUrl: './confirmation.component.html'
})
export class ConfirmationComponent {

    public onClose: Subject<boolean>;

    constructor(private _bsModalRef: BsModalRef) {

    }

    public ngOnInit(): void {
        this.onClose = new Subject();
    }

    public onConfirm(): void {
        this.onClose.next(true);
        this._bsModalRef.hide();
    }

    public onCancel(): void {
        this.onClose.next(false);
        this._bsModalRef.hide();
    }
}

由于新的ConfirmationComponent将在html模板中不使用selector而显示,因此需要在根entryComponents中的app.module.ts中声明(或者其他)你命名你的根模块)。对app.module.ts进行以下更改:

app.module.ts

import { ModalModule } from 'ngx-bootstrap/modal';
import { ConfirmationComponent } from './confirmation.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
     ...
     ConfirmationComponent
  ],
  imports: [
     ...
     ModalModule.forRoot()
  ],
  entryComponents: [ConfirmationComponent]

答案 5 :(得分:0)

解决方案比预期的要容易,不要使用href,因为Angular Routing使用routerLink指令不会处理此问题。