Python OOP继承了类

时间:2016-03-11 19:32:25

标签: python oop

我想实现以下结构:

class Case(nx.Graph):   
    def __init__(self, case):       
        if case == 1:
            self = Case1()
        if case == 2:
            self = Case2()    

class Case1(Case):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Case1, self).__init__()
        print "Case1"

class Case2(Case):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Case2, self).__init__() 
        print "Case2"

例如,如果我创建以下对象:

graph = Case(1)

应创建类Case1的新Object。在__init__Case1中,super()功能应调用__init__的{​​{1}}函数。

如果我运行该代码,结果应该是名为“graph”的networkx.Graph()对象,并且应该打印networkx.Graph

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

当您说self = ...时,您只是重新定义self。你没有改变它。要做你想做的事,请改用__new__

class Case(nx.Graph):
    def __new__(self, case):
        if case == 1:
            return Case1()
        elif case == 2:
            return Case2()
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid argument")
但是,你真的不应该这样做。如果您想为不同的案例设置不同的实例,请在创建实例时执行此操作,但是为了工作,类不应依赖于其子类。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

这样做的一种方法是不为子类调用__init__,而是将它们放在一个单独的方法中,即setup并重写__class__属性:

class Case(object):   
    def __init__(self, case):
        # Maybe even call the init of the superclass:
        super(Case, self).__init__()
        # Do the setup that is common to all Cases:
        self.setup()
        # Change the class of the instance depending on your case:
        if case == 1:
            self.__class__ = Case1  # No () here!
        elif case == 2:
            self.__class__ = Case2
        else:
            raise ValueError()
        # Call the setup of the subclass
        self.setup()

    def setup(self):
        print('Setup of Case called.')


class Case1(Case):

    def setup(self):
        print('Setup of Case1 called.')

class Case2(Case):

    def setup(self):
        print('Setup of Case2 called.')

当我尝试创建Case1

a = Case(1)

打印:

Setup of Case called.
Setup of Case1 called.

但是甚至可能有适当的(内置模块,包)配方来做这样的事情。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

这是一个经典的工厂模式。我将使用静态方法实现它,如下所示:

class Case(object):   

    @staticmethod
    def factory(case):
        if case == 1:
            return Case1()
        if case == 2:
            return Case2()
        raise NotImplementedError('Unknown case: %r'%case)

class Case1(Case):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Case1, self).__init__()
        print "Case1"

class Case2(Case):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Case2, self).__init__() 
        print "Case2"

您可以根据args进行扩展以传递给初始值设定项。在使用中,您可能会看到以下内容:

c1 = Case.factory(1)
c2 = Case.factory(2)
print type(c1), type(c2)
Case.factory(3)

输出看起来像这样:

Case1
Case2
<class '__main__.Case1'> <class '__main__.Case2'>

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 36, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 19, in factory
NotImplementedError: Unknown case: 3
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