Question

我想测试下面的示波器，但不知道如何正确设置测试对象。我甚至不知道我是否应该在工厂中创建一些关联或使用let / local vars。

task.rb

static Drawable recolorDrawable(Drawable icon, int toColor)
{
    Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(icon.getIntrinsicWidth(), icon.getIntrinsicHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
    Canvas myCanvas = new Canvas(bitmap);

    icon.setColorFilter(toColor, PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN);
    icon.setBounds(0, 0, icon.getIntrinsicWidth(), icon.getIntrinsicHeight());
    icon.draw(myCanvas);

    return new BitmapDrawable(context.getResources(), bitmap);
}

工厂

belongs_to :assigner, class_name: "User"
belongs_to :executor, class_name: "User"

scope :completed, -> { where.not(completed_at: nil) }
scope :uncompleted, -> { where(completed_at: nil) }
scope :alltasks, -> (u) { where('executor_id = ? OR assigner_id = ?', u.id, u.id) }
scope :between, -> (assigner_id, executor_id) do
  where("(tasks.assigner_id = ? AND tasks.executor_id = ?) OR (tasks.assigner_id = ? AND tasks.executor_id = ?)", assigner_id, executor_id, executor_id, assigner_id)
end

task_spec.rb

factory :task do
  content { Faker::Lorem.sentence }
  deadline { Faker::Time.between(DateTime.now + 2, DateTime.now + 3) }
  association :executor, factory: :user
  association :assigner, factory: :user #I guess this is not right
end

factory :user do
  sequence(:email) { |n| "example#{n}@gmail.com" }
  password 'example0000'
  password_confirmation 'example0000'
  new_chat_notification { Faker::Number.between(0, 10) }
  new_other_notification { Faker::Number.between(0, 10) } 
end

Answer 1

首先，由于以下原因，我不想在工厂中设置关联：

如果工厂中存在关联，则每次创建/构建对象时，都会同时创建关联对象。这意味着即使您只是“构建”一个对象，也会触发许多数据库访问。您使用的关联越多，运行测试所需的时间就越多。
您应该在真正需要时设置测试中的关联。如果在工厂中设置关联，则意味着在测试时隐藏了给定时间进程的“给定”部分。当测试失败时，找到出错的地方变得更加困难。

要测试范围，您应该遵循一些最佳做法：

使示波器尽可能简单，测试复杂的示波器更难。例如，如果需要，您应该将between范围细分为小范围。
使用最小对象来测试范围，因为我们需要在数据库中创建记录来测试范围。数据库访问会减慢测试速度，我们应该尽可能减少对象的创建。对于大多数情况，两个对象（正面和负面）应该足以测试一个简单的范围。

顺便说一下，您可能会误解let的用法，只有在测试用例中调用对象时才会创建用let定义的对象。在原始规范中，不会创建任何任务或用户，因为它们都不会被调用。要做你想做的事，你应该使用before阻止。

对于您的示例，我将在下面创建工厂和规范：

工厂

factory :task do
  content { Faker::Lorem.sentence }
  deadline { Faker::Time.between(DateTime.now + 2, DateTime.now + 3) }
end

factory :user do
  sequence(:email) { |n| "example#{n}@gmail.com" }
  sequence(:password) { |n| "password#{n}" }
  password_confirmation { password }
  new_chat_notification { Faker::Number.between(0, 10) }
  new_other_notification { Faker::Number.between(0, 10) }
end

功能

describe Task do
  # ...
  describe "scopes" do
    let(:executor) { create(:user) }
    let(:assigner) { create(:user) }

    describe "completeness related" do
      before(:example) do
        @uncompleted_task = create(:task, executor: executor, assigner: assigner)
        @completed_task = create(:task, executor: executor, assigner: assigner, completed_at: DateTime.now - 2))
      end

      it "completed" do
        expect(Task.completed).to include(@completed_task)
        expect(Task.completed).not_to include(@uncompleted_task)
      end

      it "uncompleted" do
        expect(Task.uncompleted).to include(@uncompleted_task)
        expect(Task.uncompleted).not_to include(@completed_task)
      end
    end

    it "alltasks" do
      me = create(:user)
      owned_task = create(:task, executor: me, assigner: assigner)
      assigned_task = create(:task, executor: executor, assigner: me)
      not_my_task = create(:task, executor: executor, assigner: assigner)
      expect(Task.alltasks(me)).to include(owned_task, assigned_task)
      expect(Task.alltasks(me)).not_to include(not_my_task)
    end

    it "between" do
      # ... (there should be as last 5 tasks to create)...
    end
  end
  # ...
end

关于如何在“Rails 4测试处方 - 由Noel Rappin建立一个健康的代码库”一书中编写测试的更多细节和点击，如果您感兴趣，值得一读。

使用factory_girl设置模型测试对象

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