使用静态库编译时链接器错误

时间：2016-05-03 15:54:02

标签： c++ c++11 boost makefile static-libraries

我有一个包含几个.cpp和.h文件的项目，我正在尝试将源分为核心/通用内容和特定于应用程序的代码。基于此，我将代码文件分成Common文件夹并将其编译为库。下面是该库的Makefile：

CFLAGS=-std=c++11 -g -c -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -I../boost_1_57_0 -L../boost_1_57_0/stage/lib
SOURCES = $(wildcard *.cpp)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.cpp=.o)
OUTPUTFILE=libcommon.a

all: $(OUTPUTFILE)

$(OUTPUTFILE): $(OBJECTS)
    ar rcs $(OUTPUTFILE) $(OBJECTS)

.cpp.o:
    $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ $(GPROF)

clean:
    rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(OUTPUTFILE)

然后我创建了一个示例主文件，只是为了尝试使用该库编译应用程序。

以下是主要源文件的代码：

#include "../Common/Functions.h"
#include "../Common/Logger.h"

int main() {
    Logger::Init(false, false);
    Logger::Debug("Test");
    string path = Functions::GetAppPath();
    Logger::Debug("App Path: ", path.c_str());
    return 0;
}

正在引用的函数文件使用boost，这里是使用该库的应用程序的makefile：

CC=g++
CFLAGS=-Wl,--verbose -std=c++11 -g -c -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -I../boost_1_57_0 -L../boost_1_57_0/stage/lib
LDFLAGS=-I../boost_1_57_0 -L../boost_1_57_0/stage/lib -L../boost_libs/lib -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/kerberos/lib -L/usr/lib -L../Common
LIBS=-lz -lkrb5 -lk5crypto -lcom_err -lresolv -lm -lpthread -lrt -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem -lboost_thread -lboost_date_time -rdynamic -lcurl -lcommon
SOURCES = $(wildcard *.cpp)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.cpp=.o)
EXECUTABLE=testApp
GPROF=-pg

all: $(SOURCES) $(EXECUTABLE)

$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS) 
    $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $@ $(LIBS) $(GPROF)

.cpp.o:
    $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ $(GPROF)

clean:
    rm -rf *o $(OBJECTS)

当我尝试编译时，我收到以下错误，抱怨对boost的未定义引用：

g++  -Wl,--verbose -std=c++11 -g -c -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -I../boost_1_57_0 -L../boost_1_57_0/stage/lib main.cpp -o main.o -pg
g++ -I../boost_1_57_0 -L../boost_1_57_0/stage/lib -L../boost_libs/lib -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/kerberos/lib -L/usr/lib -L../Common main.o -o testApp -lz -lkrb5 -lk5crypto -lcom_err -lresolv -lm -lpthread -lrt -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem -lboost_thread -lboost_date_time -rdynamic -lcurl -lcommon -pg
../Common/libcommon.a(Functions.o): In function `Functions::GetAppPath()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/Functions.cpp:43: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::path::parent_path() const'
../Common/libcommon.a(Functions.o): In function `boost::filesystem::initial_path()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/filesystem/operations.hpp:583: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::initial_path(boost::system::error_code*)'
../Common/libcommon.a(Functions.o): In function `boost::filesystem::system_complete(boost::filesystem::path const&)':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/filesystem/operations.hpp:655: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::system_complete(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)'
../Common/libcommon.a(Functions.o): In function `unsigned short boost::date_time::month_str_to_ushort<boost::gregorian::greg_month>(std::string const&)':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/date_time/date_parsing.hpp:67: undefined reference to `boost::gregorian::greg_month::get_month_map_ptr()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `Logger::Cleanup()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/Logger.cpp:84: undefined reference to `boost::thread::interrupt()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `Logger::InitFile(std::string, bool, std::_Ios_Openmode)':
/media/software/Robots/Common/Logger.cpp:186: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::path::parent_path() const'
/media/software/Robots/Common/Logger.cpp:187: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::path::parent_path() const'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `Logger::Process()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/Logger.cpp:241: undefined reference to `boost::this_thread::interruption_point()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::detail::thread_data_base::thread_data_base()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/thread/pthread/thread_data.hpp:143: undefined reference to `vtable for boost::detail::thread_data_base'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::thread::start_thread()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/thread/detail/thread.hpp:179: undefined reference to `boost::thread::start_thread_noexcept()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::thread::~thread()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/thread/detail/thread.hpp:254: undefined reference to `boost::thread::detach()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::thread::get_id() const':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/thread/detail/thread.hpp:741: undefined reference to `boost::thread::native_handle()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::thread::join()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/thread/detail/thread.hpp:767: undefined reference to `boost::thread::join_noexcept()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::filesystem::exists(boost::filesystem::path const&)':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/filesystem/operations.hpp:404: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::status(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::filesystem::create_directories(boost::filesystem::path const&)':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/filesystem/operations.hpp:523: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::detail::create_directories(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::system::error_code*)'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o): In function `boost::detail::thread_data<void (*)()>::~thread_data()':
/media/software/Robots/Common/../boost_1_57_0/boost/thread/detail/thread.hpp:90: undefined reference to `boost::detail::thread_data_base::~thread_data_base()'
../Common/libcommon.a(Logger.o):(.rodata._ZTIN5boost6detail11thread_dataIPFvvEEE[_ZTIN5boost6detail11thread_dataIPFvvEEE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::detail::thread_data_base'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

毋庸置疑，整个项目没有任何问题。

这是我第一次尝试构建一个c ++ linux库并在另一个应用程序中使用它，所以我可能会犯一个菜鸟错误，所以记住这一点。

非常感谢帮助。

谢谢。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

命令行上的库顺序对链接器很重要。它从左到右处理库，根据当前库提供的任何函数解析已知的尚未解析的引用。

此外，在这里特别相关，如果给定的库包含对它本身不提供的函数的引用，那么链接器不会解析它已经处理过的库。这就是为什么你有未解决的引用：你的库中最后有-lcommon，所以其中的函数引用将仅针对C标准库进行解析。

在链接命令中多次列出库是有效的，有时需要这样做，但在这种情况下，我认为仅将-lcommon作为第一个库而不是最后一个库是有意义的。这将解决问题。您甚至可以将其概念化为将链接命令中与最接近它的主程序最密切相关的库。

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