Linux（g ++）上的分段错误，但Mac OS上没有。

Question

首先，我想为我的大代码道歉。我试图保持结构化，但我仍然是C ++编程的新手。

我在OSX上创建了一个C ++算法，它运行得很好。我需要在Linux上运行这个程序。在Linux上编译没有错误，但是当我运行程序时它会出现以下错误：

Segmentation fault (core dumped)

我是调试代码的新手，并尝试使用 gdb 进行调试，但我不知道应该如何继续。 gdb 提供的信息如下：

c2f_function(new_candidates2, old_candidates, feature_list);
(gdb) 

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000403dc5 in c2f_function (new_candidates=std::list = {...}, old_candidates=std::list = {...}, 
    feature_list=empty std::list) at /home/martin/emc/group4/src/c2f_function.cpp:36
36          norm = iter_old->x -iter_new->x;

我添加了下面的代码，它包含一个主文件 c2f.cpp ，一个头文件 c2f.hpp 以及一个存储函数 c2f_functions.cpp

当我通过引用名为 c2f_functions 的函数传递3个列表时，似乎发生了错误。此功能位于 c2f_functions.cpp 脚本中。

我的问题是，

1. 我该如何解决这个问题？
2. 为什么它在OSX下运行良好但在Linux下不运行？

许多thnaks！

主要文件c2f.cpp：

#include "c2f.hpp"
#include "c2f_function.cpp"


int main()
{
  // define variables
  double x, y;

  // create old candidates list
  list<Candidate> old_candidates;

  // create new candidates list
  list<Candidate> new_candidates1;
  list<Candidate> new_candidates2;
  list<Candidate> new_candidates3;

  // create new features list
  list<Candidate> feature_list;

  //=============================================================================//
  // LOAD FIRST DATA SET
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

    ifstream file1_("newcandidates_it0.txt");
    if (file1_.is_open())
    {
      cout << "Reading file...1 " << endl;
      while( file1_ >> x >> y)
      {
        // cout << x << "," << y << endl;
        new_candidates1.push_back(Candidate(x , y));

      }
      file1_.close();
    }
    else {cout << "file is not open";}
  //=============================================================================//

  c2f_function(new_candidates1, old_candidates, feature_list);


  //=============================================================================//
  // LOAD SECOND DATA SET
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

  ifstream file2_("newcandidates_it1.txt");
    if (file2_.is_open())
    {
      cout << "Reading file...2 " << endl;
      while( file2_ >> x >> y)
      {
        // cout << x << "," << y << endl;
        new_candidates2.push_back(Candidate(x , y));

      }
      file2_.close();
    }
    else {cout << "file is not open";}
  //=============================================================================//

  c2f_function(new_candidates2, old_candidates, feature_list);

HEADER FILE c2f.hpp

# include <iostream>
# include <stdlib.h> 
# include <string>
# include <math.h>
# include <Eigen/Dense>
# include <cstdio>
# include <cstdlib>
# include <list>
# include <fstream>
# include <algorithm>
// # include <cstdarg>

using namespace std;
using namespace Eigen;

// correspondence margin: new point must lie w/i 10cm from old point
# define CORR_MARGIN    0.1
# define PERSIST_UB     3
# define PERSIST_LB     -PERSIST_UB

class Candidate
{
public:
    int id;
    double x;
    double y;
    int persistency = 0;
    int pflag = 0; // persistency flag

    Candidate ( double xNew, double yNew ): x(xNew), y(yNew){}

    void increasePersistency() 
    { 
        if (persistency < PERSIST_UB) // bound persistency from above
            persistency++; 
    }
    void decreasePersistency() 
    { 
        if (persistency > PERSIST_LB) // bound persistency from below
            persistency--; 
    }
    // bool operator< (const Candidate& right) const { return id < right.id; }

};

bool ascendingId ( Candidate a, Candidate b)
{
    return a.id < b.id;
}

bool descendingId ( Candidate a, Candidate b)
{
    return a.id > b.id;
}

bool ascendingPersistency ( Candidate a, Candidate b)
{
    return a.persistency < b.persistency;
}

bool descendingPersistency ( Candidate a, Candidate b)
{
    return a.persistency > b.persistency;
}

bool ascendingPflag ( Candidate a, Candidate b)
{
    return a.pflag < b.pflag;
}

bool descendingPflag ( Candidate a, Candidate b)
{
    return a.pflag > b.pflag;
}

bool sameId_Feature (Feature first, Feature second)
{ return first.id == second.id; }

bool samePflag (Candidate first, Candidate second)
{ return first.persistency == second.persistency; }


bool finder (Candidate first, Candidate second)
{return first.id == second.id;}


bool not_persistent (Candidate &a) 
{ return (a.persistency==PERSIST_LB); }

函数文件c2f_function.cpp

void print_list(list<Candidate> &list2print)
{
  for (auto const &iter : list2print)
  {
    cout  << iter.x 
          << "," << iter.y 
          << " with id " 
          << iter.id
          << " and persistency "
          << iter.persistency
          << endl;
  }
}


void c2f_function(list<Candidate> &new_candidates, list<Candidate> &old_candidates, list<Candidate> &feature_list)
{

  double norm;

  //=============================================================================//
  // CHECK FOR CORRESPONDENCE
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

  // Check if old candidates exist (initialization purposes)
  if (old_candidates.empty() == 0) // old candidates exist
  {
    // Check Correspondence
    for (auto iter_old = old_candidates.begin(); iter_old != old_candidates.end(); iter_old++)
    {
      // int persistency_upd_flag = 0;
      for (auto iter_new = new_candidates.begin(); iter_new != new_candidates.end(); iter_new++)
      {
        // compute the norm between old_candidates and new_candidates
        // norm = sqrt( pow(iter_old->x - iter_new->x, 2.0) + pow(iter_old->y - iter_new->y, 2.0));
        norm = iter_old->x -iter_new->x;
        if (norm <= CORR_MARGIN)
        {
          // Update position of old entry and increase persistency
          iter_old -> x = iter_new->x;
          iter_old -> y = iter_new->y;
          iter_old -> increasePersistency();
          // flag an update;
          iter_old -> pflag = 1;

          // remove list entry that has been coupled
          new_candidates.erase(iter_new);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    back_insert_iterator<list<Candidate>>  it(old_candidates);

    for (auto const &iter : new_candidates)
    {
      it = iter;
    }
    int counter=1;
    for (auto iter = old_candidates.begin(); iter!= old_candidates.end(); iter++)
    {
      iter -> id = counter;

      ++counter;
    }
    cout << "initializing data set" << endl;
    cout << endl << "====================================================" << endl;
    return;
  }
  //=============================================================================//


  //=============================================================================//
  // DECREASE PERSISTENCY FOR NON-VIEWED CANDIDATES
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

  // remove persistency to non-associated candidates
  old_candidates.sort(ascendingPflag);
  for (auto iter = old_candidates.begin(); iter!= old_candidates.end(); iter++)
  {
    if ( iter -> pflag == 0 )
    {
      iter -> decreasePersistency();

      find_if (feature_list.begin(), feature_list.end(),
      [iter] (Candidate &item)
      {
        if (item.id == iter->id)
        {
          item.persistency = iter->persistency;
          return true;
        }
        else return false;
      }
      );
    }
    // reset pflags
    iter -> pflag = 0; 
  }
  //=============================================================================//


  //=============================================================================//
  // ADD id TO REMAINING new_candidates LIST
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

  // get new id
  old_candidates.sort(descendingId);
  int new_id = old_candidates.begin() -> id + 1;

  // add id to added items to old_candidates
  for (auto iter = new_candidates.begin(); iter!= new_candidates.end(); iter++)
  {
    iter -> id = new_id;
    new_id++;
  }
  //=============================================================================//

  //=============================================================================//
  // MERGE REMAINING new_candidates WITH old_candidates LIST
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
  old_candidates.splice(old_candidates.end(), new_candidates);
  //=============================================================================//


  //=============================================================================//
  // ADD TO feature_list
  // REMOVE FROM feature_list
  // REMOVE FROM old_list
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

 // removing from old_candidates when persistency @ lower bound
  old_candidates.sort(ascendingPersistency);

  for (auto const &iter_old : old_candidates)
  {

    if (iter_old.persistency == PERSIST_LB)
    {
      old_candidates.pop_front();
    }
    else
      {break;}
  }

 // removing from feature_list when persistency @ lower bound
  feature_list.sort(ascendingPersistency);

  for (auto const &iter_feat : feature_list)
  {
    if (iter_feat.persistency == PERSIST_LB)
    {
      feature_list.pop_front();
    }
    else
      {break;}
  }


  // sorting
  old_candidates.sort(descendingPersistency);

  // adding
  back_insert_iterator<list<Candidate>>  it(feature_list);

  // define counter
  int counter;

  for (auto const &iter_old : old_candidates)
  {
    counter =0;
    if (iter_old.persistency == PERSIST_UB)
    {
      if (feature_list.size()>0)
      {
        for (auto iter_feat = feature_list.begin(); iter_feat != feature_list.end(); iter_feat++)
        {
          if (iter_feat->id == iter_old.id)
          {
            iter_feat->x = iter_old.x;
            iter_feat->y = iter_old.y; 
            iter_feat->persistency = iter_old.persistency;
            counter  = 0;
            break;          
          }
          else
          {
            counter++;
          }
        }
        if (counter >0)
        {
          it = iter_old;
        }

      }
      else
        it = iter_old;
    }
    else
    {
      break;
    }

  }

  //=============================================================================//


  //=============================================================================//
  // DISPLAY FEATURE LIST
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
  if (feature_list.size() > 0)
  {
    feature_list.sort(ascendingId);
    cout << "Feature members" << endl;
    print_list(feature_list);
    cout << endl << "====================================================" << endl;
  }
  else
    cout << endl << "====================================================" << endl;
  //=============================================================================//

}

  //*****************************************************************************//
  //*****************************************************************************//

Answer 1

SYSSEGV分段错误是由尝试访问程序允许区域之外的内存引起的。在这种情况下，iter_old或iter_new未初始化或包含与程序的存储区域不对应的值。

它可能会在一个计算机系统上崩溃而不会在另一个计算机系统上崩溃，因为1）不同的系统在未初始化的变量中可能有不同的值; 2）不同的系统以不同的方式定义程序可用的内存。

简而言之，查找带有SEGV错误的错误指针值，并知道错误可以在不同系统上以不同方式出现。

Answer 2

我不确定，但我怀疑问题是你擦除了一个迭代器，然后你使用（递增）它。

以下是关键部分

  for (auto iter_new = new_candidates.begin(); iter_new != new_candidates.end(); iter_new++)
  {
    norm = iter_old->x -iter_new->x;
    if (norm <= CORR_MARGIN)
    {
      // [...]
      new_candidates.erase(iter_new);
    }
  }

当erase(iter_new)时，iter_new成为指向无效对象的迭代器;递增它（iter_new++）给你（如果我没有错）一个未定义的值，并且以下iter_new->x可以对你的程序进行分段错误。

我认为解决方案可以是使用后缀增量调用erase()，以便erase()调用iter_new的副本，iter_new增加到有效迭代器在致电erase()之前;

之类的东西

  auto = new_candidates.begin();
  while ( iter_new != new_candidates.end() )
  {
    norm = iter_old->x -iter_new->x;
    if (norm <= CORR_MARGIN)
    {
      // [...]
      new_candidates.erase( iter_new++ );
    }
    else
      ++iter_new;
  }

p.s：抱歉我的英语不好