有关SQL Server
我正在阅读这本书Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Internals并尝试了解SQL Server如何在内部存储数据。以下是本书的摘录。
The structure of data rows
==========================
A tables data rows have the general structure shown in the figure below (as long as the data
is stored in uncompressed form). This format is called the FixedVar format because the data
for all fixed-length columns is stored first, followed by the data for all variable-length columns.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|1 byte |1 byte |2 bytes |n bytes |2 bytes |NULL bitmap|2 bytes |Column offset array|n bytes |
+---^--------^-------^----------^-------^----------^----------^------------^---------------^----
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | +
| | | | | | | | data for
| | | | | | | | variable-length columns
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +
| | | | | | | 2x # varlength columns
| | | | | | +
| | | | | | Number of variable-length
| | | | | | columns
| | | | | +
| | | | | NULL bit map, one bit
| | | | | for each column
| | | | +
| | | | Number of fixed-length
| | | | columns
| | | +
| | | Fixed length data
| | +
| | Length of fixed-length portion of row,
| | not including the 2 bytes for the number
| | of columns and the NULL bitmap
| +
| Status bits B
+
Status bits A
我的测试如下。
USE test;
GO
IF OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.t1', N'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE t1;
GO
-- Create a sample table t1
CREATE TABLE t1
(
id NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
c1 CHAR(100) DEFAULT (REPLICATE('X', 100)),
c2 NVARCHAR(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
c3 CHAR(100) DEFAULT (REPLICATE('Y', 100)),
);
GO
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(N'AAAA', REPLICATE('C', 100), N'BBBB', REPLICATE('D', 100));
INSERT INTO t1 DEFAULT VALUES;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(N'PPPP', REPLICATE('Q', 100), N'RRRR', REPLICATE('S', 100));
GO
-- Check the data
SELECT * FROM t1;
-- How many pages we have in the table
SELECT t.name AS TableName,
p.rows AS RowCounts,
SUM(a.total_pages) AS TotalPages,
SUM(a.used_pages) AS UsedPages,
(SUM(a.total_pages) - SUM(a.used_pages)) AS UnusedPages
FROM sys.tables t
INNER JOIN sys.indexes i
ON t.object_id = i.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.partitions p
ON i.object_id = p.object_id
AND i.index_id = p.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.allocation_units a
ON p.partition_id = a.container_id
WHERE t.name NOT LIKE 'dt%'
AND t.is_ms_shipped = 0
AND i.object_id > 255
AND t.name = 't1'
GROUP BY t.name,
p.rows
ORDER BY t.name;
-- Create a table to store the DBCC IND result
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.tables
WHERE name = 'sp_dbcc_ind' )
DROP TABLE sp_dbcc_ind;
GO
CREATE TABLE sp_dbcc_ind
(
PageFID TINYINT,
PagePID INT,
IAMFID TINYINT,
IAMPID INT,
ObjectID INT,
IndexID TINYINT,
PartitionNumber TINYINT,
PartitionID BIGINT,
iam_chain_type VARCHAR(30),
PageType TINYINT,
IndexLevel TINYINT,
NextPageFID TINYINT,
NextPagePID INT,
PrevPageFID TINYINT,
PrevPagePID INT,
PRIMARY KEY (PageFID, PagePID)
);
INSERT INTO sp_dbcc_ind
EXECUTE ('DBCC IND(''test'', ''test.dbo.t1'', 1)');
-- Generate DBCC PAGE command
SELECT 'DBCC PAGE ([test], ' + CAST(PageFID AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) + ', ' +
CAST (PagePID AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) + ', 3) --WITH TABLERESULTS;' DBCC_PAGE,
*
FROM sp_dbcc_ind
WHERE PageType = 1;
-- Enable output
DBCC TRACEON(3604);
GO
-- Pasted from the first column of the last query
DBCC PAGE ([test], 1, 552, 3) WITH TABLERESULTS;
-- DBCC PAGE output
/*
PAGE: (1:552)
BUFFER:
BUF @0x00000045BEE87500
bpage = 0x00000045929D6000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:552)
bdbid = 8 breferences = 0 bcputicks = 380
bsampleCount = 1 bUse1 = 38513 bstat = 0x10b
blog = 0x212121cc bnext = 0x0000000000000000 bDirtyContext = 0x00000045941E04D0
bstat2 = 0x0
PAGE HEADER:
Page @0x00000045929D6000
m_pageId = (1:552) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x0 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x8000
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 173 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594049265664
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594042974208 Metadata: IndexId = 0
Metadata: ObjectId = 1909581841 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 204 m_slotCnt = 3 m_freeCnt = 7425
m_freeData = 761 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (34:2220:2)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:0) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0 DB Frag ID = 1
Allocation Status
GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = NOT ALLOCATED PFS (1:1) = 0x41 ALLOCATED 50_PCT_FULL
DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED
Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 229
Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
Record Size = 229
Memory Dump @0x00000047E94BA060
0000000000000000: 3000cc00 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 0.Ì.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000014: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000028: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
000000000000003C: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000050: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000064: 43434343 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 CCCCDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
0000000000000078: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
000000000000008C: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
00000000000000A0: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
00000000000000B4: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
00000000000000C8: 44444444 04000002 00dd00e5 00410041 00410041 DDDD.....Ý.å.A.A.A.A
00000000000000DC: 00420042 00420042 00 .B.B.B.B.
Slot 0 Column 1 Offset 0xd5 Length 8 Length (physical) 8
id = AAAA
Slot 0 Column 2 Offset 0x4 Length 100 Length (physical) 100
c1 = CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Slot 0 Column 3 Offset 0xdd Length 8 Length (physical) 8
c2 = BBBB
Slot 0 Column 4 Offset 0x68 Length 100 Length (physical) 100
c3 = DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
Slot 1 Offset 0x145 Length 207
Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP Record Size = 207
Memory Dump @0x00000047E94BA145
0000000000000000: 1000cc00 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 ..Ì.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0000000000000014: 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0000000000000028: 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
000000000000003C: 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0000000000000050: 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 58585858 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0000000000000064: 58585858 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 XXXXYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
0000000000000078: 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
000000000000008C: 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
00000000000000A0: 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
00000000000000B4: 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 59595959 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
00000000000000C8: 59595959 040004 YYYY...
Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0x0 Length 0 Length (physical) 0
id =
Slot 1 Column 2 Offset 0x4 Length 100 Length (physical) 100
c1 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Slot 1 Column 3 Offset 0x0 Length 0 Length (physical) 0
c2 = [NULL]
Slot 1 Column 4 Offset 0x68 Length 100 Length (physical) 100
c3 = YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Slot 2 Offset 0x214 Length 229
Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
Record Size = 229
Memory Dump @0x00000047E94BA214
0000000000000000: 3000cc00 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 0.Ì.QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
0000000000000014: 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
0000000000000028: 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
000000000000003C: 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
0000000000000050: 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 51515151 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
0000000000000064: 51515151 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 QQQQSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
0000000000000078: 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
000000000000008C: 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
00000000000000A0: 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
00000000000000B4: 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 53535353 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
00000000000000C8: 53535353 04000002 00dd00e5 00500050 00500050 SSSS.....Ý.å.P.P.P.P
00000000000000DC: 00520052 00520052 00 .R.R.R.R.
Slot 2 Column 1 Offset 0xd5 Length 8 Length (physical) 8
id = PPPP
Slot 2 Column 2 Offset 0x4 Length 100 Length (physical) 100
c1 = QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
Slot 2 Column 3 Offset 0xdd Length 8 Length (physical) 8
c2 = RRRR
Slot 2 Column 4 Offset 0x68 Length 100 Length (physical) 100
c3 = SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
DBCC execution completed. If DBCC printed error messages, contact your system administrator.
*/
以第一张唱片为例。转储的原始数据是：
0000000000000000: 3000cc00 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 0.Ì.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000014: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000028: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
000000000000003C: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000050: 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 43434343 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
0000000000000064: 43434343 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 CCCCDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
0000000000000078: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
000000000000008C: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
00000000000000A0: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
00000000000000B4: 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
00000000000000C8: 44444444 04000002 00dd00e5 00410041 00410041 DDDD.....Ý.å.A.A.A.A
00000000000000DC: 00420042 00420042 00
.B.B.B.B.
表t1有4列，两个固定长度（c1 100字节，c3 100字节）和两个可变长度（id和c2）。根据本书的理论，行结构将首先存储固定长度的列。所以第一个字节是 30 ，这是一个状态位，当转换成二进制形式时，它是 00110000 。第一个 1 表示我们在此行中有可变长度的列。第二个 1 表示我们在此行中有NULL位图（实际上这总是 1 ）。第二个字节是 00 ，这是另一个状态位，这里没有特殊含义。接下来的两个字节是 cc00 ，转换为十进制时为204。根据这本书，这意味着固定长度列的长度。但正如我们所知，有两列，它们都是 char（100）类型。所以它们的实际长度是200而不是204.根据我的测试，数据报告的行数＆＃34;固定长度部分的长度＆＃34;总是比实际的固定长度数据大小大4个字节。是因为无统一者吗？所有堆行都有uniquifier吗？
1 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：1)
没有涉及独特者。
行的固定长度部分的长度，不包括2个字节 列数和NULL位图。
但这包括问题|1 byte |1 byte |2 bytes中的前三个元素。
0x3000CC00 +两个100字节固定长度列产生204个字节。
查看此值的另一种方法是，为您提供从行开始算起的固定长度列计数部分的偏移量。 SQL Server internals viewer使用以下术语。或者，您可以将其视为行中当前点的空位图的偏移量（as Paul Randal does here）
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