Delphi:如何为后代添加不同的构造函数?

时间:2010-10-06 20:14:46

标签: delphi constructor delphi-5 constructor-chaining

更新:我最初的例子有点复杂。这是一个简单的8行示例,它解释了一个代码块中的所有内容。以下不编译会发出警告:

TComputer = class(TObject)
public
    constructor Create(Cup: Integer); virtual;
end;

TCellPhone = class(TComputer)
public
    constructor Create(Cup: Integer; Teapot: string); virtual;
end;

注意:这个问题是我正在进行的一系列有关Delphi中构造函数的子句的问题的第3部分

原始问题

如何将构造函数添加到现有类?

让我们举一个假设的例子(即我在SO编辑器中输入的那个例子,它可能编译也可能不编译):

TXHTMLStream = class(TXMLStream)
public
   ...
end;

进一步假设正常使用TXHTMLStream涉及在使用之前执行大量重复代码:

var
   xs: TXHTMLStream;
begin
   xs := TXHTMLStream.Create(filename);
   xs.Encoding := UTF32;
   xs.XmlVersion := 1.1;
   xs.DocType := 'strict';
   xs.PreserveWhitespace := 'true';
   ...

   xs.Save(xhtmlDocument);

假设我想创建一个简化所有样板设置代码的构造函数:

TXHTMLStream = class(TXMLStream)
public
    constructor Create(filename: string; Encoding: TEncoding); virtual;
end;

constructor TXHTMLStream.Create(filename: string; Encoding: TEncoding);
begin
   inherited Create(filename);
   xs.Encoding := Encoding;
   xs.XmlVersion := 1.1;
   xs.DocType := 'strict';
   xs.PreserveWhitespace := True;
   ...
end;

这简化了对象的使用:

var
   xs: TXHTMLStream;
begin
   xs := TXHTMLStream.Create(filename, UTF32);
   xs.Save(xhtmlDocument);

除了现在Delphi抱怨我的新构造函数隐藏了旧的构造函数。

  

方法'Create'隐藏基类型'TXMLStream'的虚拟方法

我当然没有 意味着 隐藏祖先创建 - 我 想要 两者。

如何将一个构造函数(带有不同的签名)添加到后代类中,同时保留祖先构造函数以便仍然可以使用它?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

我的立即反应是使用overload关键字,如:

TCellPhone = class(TComputer)
public
    constructor Create(Cup: Integer; Teapot: string); reintroduce; overload; virtual;
end;

编辑:感谢Ian的编辑,这是我的回答。我想我是勇敢的,所以我将提供一个更全面的例子:

program Project1;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils;

type

TComputer = class(TObject)
public
    constructor Create(Cup: Integer); virtual;
end;

TCellPhone = class(TComputer)
public
    constructor Create(Cup: Integer; Teapot: string); reintroduce; overload; virtual;
end;

{ TComputer }

constructor TComputer.Create(Cup: Integer);
begin
  writeln('constructed computer: cup = ', Cup);
end;

{ TCellPhone }

constructor TCellPhone.Create(Cup: Integer; Teapot: string);
begin
  inherited Create(Cup);
  writeln('constructed cellphone: Teapot = ', Teapot);
end;

var
  C1, C2, C3: TComputer;

begin
  C1 := TComputer.Create(1);
  Writeln;
  C2 := TCellPhone.Create(2);
  Writeln;
  C3 := TCellPhone.Create(3, 'kettle');
  Readln;
end.

结果为:

constructed computer: cup = 1

constructed computer: cup = 2

constructed computer: cup = 3
constructed cellphone: Teapot = kettle

答案 1 :(得分:3)

您可以创建两个新的重载构造函数,例如:

type
  TXmlStream = class
  private
    FFileName: string;
  public
    constructor Create(const AFileName: string); virtual;
  end;

  TXhtmlStream = class(TXmlStream)
  private
    FEncoding: TEncoding;
  public
    constructor Create(const AFileName: string); overload; override;
    constructor Create(const AFileName: string; AEncoding: TEncoding); overload; virtual;
  end;

constructor TXmlStream.Create(const AFileName: string);
begin
  inherited Create;
  FFileName := AFileName;
end;

constructor TXhtmlStream.Create(const AFileName: string);
begin
  inherited Create(AFileName);
end;

constructor TXhtmlStream.Create(const AFileName: string; AEncoding: TEncoding);
begin
  inherited Create(AFileName);
  FEncoding := AEncoding;
end;

答案 2 :(得分:1)

另一种可能性是编写一个带有默认参数值的新构造函数,其中带有非默认参数的签名部分与基类中的原始构造函数匹配:

type
  TXmlStream = class
  private
    FFileName: string;
  public
    constructor Create(const AFileName: string); virtual;
  end;

  TXhtmlStream = class(TXmlStream)
  private
    FEncoding: TEncoding;
  public
    constructor Create(const AFileName: string; AEncoding: TEncoding = encDefault); reintroduce; virtual;
  end;

constructor TXmlStream.Create(const AFileName: string);
begin
  inherited Create;
  FFileName := AFileName;
end;

constructor TXhtmlStream.Create(const AFileName: string; AEncoding: TEncoding);
begin
  inherited Create(AFileName);
  FEncoding := AEncoding;
end;

答案 3 :(得分:1)

还要记住构造函数不必称为Create。较旧版本的Delphi没有方法重载,因此您必须使用不同的名称:

TComputer = class(TObject) 
public 
    constructor Create(Cup: Integer); virtual; 
end; 

TCellPhone = class(TComputer) 
private
  FTeapot: string;
public 
    constructor CreateWithTeapot(Cup: Integer; Teapot: string); virtual; 
end; 

...

constructor TCellPhone.CreateWithTeapot(Cup: Integer; Teapot: string); 
begin
  Create(Cup);
  FTeapot := Teapot;
end;

两个构造函数现在都可用。