被Dafny后置条件消息困惑

时间:2016-09-14 01:34:56

标签: verification dafny

一个非常简单的乘法代码:

$('.payment_type').on('click', function () {
   var row = $('input[name="payment_type[]"]:checked').val();
   console.log('Row : ' + row)
});

当我用dafny验证时,它说:

method Product1 (m: nat, n: nat) returns (res:nat) 
ensures res == m * n;      
{  
    var m1: nat := 0; 
    var n1: nat := 0; 
    res := 0; 
    while (m1 < m)    
    { 
        n1 := 0; 
        while (n1 < n)  
        { 
            res := res + 1;
            n1 := n1 + 1; 
        } 
        m1 := m1 + 1; 
    } 
}

我知道在某些条件下,res!= m * n,但我无法弄明白。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

已更新!

online website中尝试过dafny,看起来好像是bug?

    Description                                        Line Column
1   A postcondition might not hold on this return path. 8   4
2   This is the postcondition that might not hold.      2   16

更多尝试:

method Test(m: nat) returns (r: nat) 
{
  var m1: nat := 0;
  while (m1 < m) {
    m1 := m1 + 1;
  }
  assert m == m1; // fail assert
}

经过深入了解后,我知道应该使用method Test(m: nat) returns (r: nat) { var m1: nat := 0; while (m1 < m) { assert m1 < m; m1 := m1 + 1; } assert !(m1 < m); // pass assert m1 == m || m1 > m; // pass assert m1 == m; // fail } 让dafny来解决这个问题。

我修改过的代码:

Loop Invariants

然后删除tmp var:

method Product1 (m: nat, n: nat) returns (res:nat) 
ensures res == m * n;      
{  
    var m1: nat := 0; 
    var n1: nat := 0; 
    res := 0; 
    while (m1 < m)
    invariant 0 <= m1 <= m
    invariant res == m1 * n
    { 
        var temp: nat := res; 
        n1 := 0; 
        while (n1 < n)
        invariant 0 <= n1 <= n
        invariant res == temp+n1   
        { 
            res := res + 1;
            n1 := n1 + 1; 
        } 
        m1 := m1 + 1; 
    }
    assert m1 == m;  // success
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

你的循环没有任何循环不变量。至少,您在两个循环中都需要不变量。否则,Dafny无法弄清楚循环后的内容......