我有一个使用Struts 2.0.11.2的应用程序。由于struts的旧版本，应用程序被标记为易受攻击。我在将struts升级到版本2.3.28.1时遇到问题（这是最新允许的版本）我们的组织）。 经过对谷歌的大量研究，我明白在新的struts版本中不推荐使用Dojo类。但是我们的项目使用了很多dojo标签。 我知道替代插件，如Struts Jquery。但是使用替代插件将涉及大量的代码更改和测试，这在我们目前的时间框架中是不可行的。 是否有一些方法可以使用带有struts的dojo标签到版本2.3.28.1？ 我们可以以某种方式将struts2-dojo-plugin与Struts版本2.3.28.1结合起来吗？
我自己尝试了但是卡住了（详情如下）
我尝试了什么：
1）我用struts2-core-2.3.28.1 jar替换了Struts核心jar。
2）更新了Maven存储库中提到的所有依赖项jar。
3）添加了struts2-dojo-plugin-2.3.20.1
4）包含在JSP-s
中<%@ taglib prefix="sx" uri="/struts-dojo-tags"%>
<head><sx:head /></head>
我面临的问题：
当我点击下面的JSP时，我得到的错误。任何帮助都非常感谢。如果您需要我的任何更多细节或信息，请告诉我。
FreeMarker template error (HTML_DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!)
The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> parameters.pushId [in template "template/ajax/submit.ftl" at line 103, column 6]
----
Tip: It's the step after the last dot that caused this error, not those before it.
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Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----
----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: #if parameters.pushId [in template "template/ajax/submit.ftl" at line 103, column 1]
----
Java stack trace (for programmers):
----
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:116)
at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:60)
at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:40)
at freemarker.core.NonBooleanException.<init>(NonBooleanException.java:44)
at freemarker.core.Expression.modelToBoolean(Expression.java:136)
at freemarker.core.Expression.evalToBoolean(Expression.java:119)
at freemarker.core.Expression.evalToBoolean(Expression.java:110)
at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:46)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:312)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:62)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:312)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:290)
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:312)
at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:158)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:584)
at org.apache.struts2.components.ClosingUIBean.start(ClosingUIBean.java:57)
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doStartTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:54)
at jsp_servlet._demotool.__fileupload._jsp__tag2(__fileupload.java:332)
at jsp_servlet._demotool.__fileupload._jspService(__fileupload.java:236)
at weblogic.servlet.jsp.JspBase.service(JspBase.java:34)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper.invokeServlet(StubSecurityHelper.java:125)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:292)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.onAddToMapException(ServletStubImpl.java:408)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:318)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:175)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.RequestDispatcherImpl.invokeServlet(RequestDispatcherImpl.java:502)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.RequestDispatcherImpl.include(RequestDispatcherImpl.java:432)
at weblogic.servlet.jsp.PageContextImpl.include(PageContextImpl.java:163)
at jsp_servlet._demotool.__ctmmessage._jspService(__ctmmessage.java:132)
at weblogic.servlet.jsp.JspBase.service(JspBase.java:34)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper.invokeServlet(StubSecurityHelper.java:125)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:292)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.onAddToMapException(ServletStubImpl.java:408)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:318)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:175)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.RequestDispatcherImpl.invokeServlet(RequestDispatcherImpl.java:502)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.RequestDispatcherImpl.include(RequestDispatcherImpl.java:432)
at weblogic.servlet.jsp.PageContextImpl.include(PageContextImpl.java:163)
at jsp_servlet._demotool.__home._jspService(__home.java:255)
at weblogic.servlet.jsp.JspBase.service(JspBase.java:34)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper.invokeServlet(StubSecurityHelper.java:125)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:292)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.onAddToMapException(ServletStubImpl.java:408)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:318)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.TailFilter.doFilter(TailFilter.java:26)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:42)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:96)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:42)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:96)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:42)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsExecuteFilter.java:90)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:42)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareFilter.java:91)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:42)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3496)
at weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321)
at weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(Unknown Source)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2180)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2086)
at weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1406)
at weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:201)
at weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:173)