不能将'std :: ostream {aka std :: basic_ostream <char>}'左值绑定到'std :: basic_ostream <char>&amp;&amp;'

时间:2016-11-20 02:35:28

标签: c++ initialization cout

关于这个主题有几篇帖子,但我认为这是最简单的例子之一,希望它能澄清一些关于cout和初始化的事情。

这样可行:

class A {
  public:
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os) {
      return os;  
    }
};

class B {
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os) {
      A a(); //        <-- LOOK
      std::cout << a;
      return os;  
    }
};

但如果我只是A a()A a

class A {
  public:
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os) {
      return os;  
    }
};

class B {
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os) {
      A a; //        <-- LOOK
      std::cout << a;
      return os;  
    }
};

它抛出:

nvcc main.cpp util.cpp -o main -lcublas -std=c++11
In file included from main.cpp:9:0:
cout-test.hpp: In member function ‘std::ostream& B::operator<<(std::ostream&)’:
cout-test.hpp:21:20: error: cannot bind ‘std::ostream {aka std::basic_ostream<char>}’ lvalue to ‘std::basic_ostream<char>&&’
       std::cout << a;
                    ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:39:0,
                 from main.cpp:5:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:602:5: error:   initializing argument 1 of ‘std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&&, const _Tp&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Tp = A]’
     operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __os, const _Tp& __x)
     ^
make: *** [main] Error 1

如果我让A a成为一名成员,我会得到同样的错误:

class B {
    A a; //        <-- LOOK
    std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os) {
      std::cout << a;
      return os;  
    }
};

是什么给出了?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

第一个案例

  A a();

不构造对象。它声明了一个函数。此解析问题称为The Most Vexing Parse

  A a();
  std::cout << a;

有效,因为在这种情况下a会转换为bool。请参阅Why does pointer to int convert to void* but pointer to function convert to bool?为何有效。

第二种情况

  A a;
  std::cout << a;
由于您定义operator<<函数的方式,

不起作用。你必须使用

  A a;
  a << std::cout;

operator<<函数需要是非成员函数才能使用:

  A a;
  std::cout << a;

请参阅my answer to another SO post了解原因。