我有两个表（一个旧存档和一个新存档）有3列，其中第一个列是一种层次结构，另外两个是不能重复的值。每个层次结构需要检查两个列中的两个列的序列是否完全相同。如果没有，我希望它显示整个层次结构的变化。例如：
表1：
colum1 colum2 colum3
--------------------------------
| folder1 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder1 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder1 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
| folder2 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder2 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder2 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
| folder3 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder3 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder3 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
| folder4 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder4 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder4 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
表2：
colum1 colum2 colum3
--------------------------------
| folder1 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
| folder1 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder1 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder2 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder2 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder2 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
| folder3 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder3 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
| folder3 | detail2 | detail20 |
--------------------------------
| folder4 | detail1 | detail10 |
--------------------------------
| folder4 | detail3 | detail30 |
--------------------------------
因此，如果在1个层次结构之间切换或丢失某些值，则会显示整个层次结构。从上面的例子可以看出结果如下：
table1 table2
colum1 colum2 colum3 colum1 colum2 colum3
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | <--- was switched
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder1 | detail2 | detail20 | folder1 | detail2 | detail20 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | <--- was switched
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder3 | detail1 | detail10 | folder3 | detail1 | detail10 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | <--- was switched
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | <--- was switched
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder4 | detail1 | detail10 | folder4 | detail1 | detail10 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder4 | detail2 | detail20 | | | | <---missing
---------------------------------------------------------------
| folder4 | detail3 | detail30 | folder4 | detail3 | detail30 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
这在某种程度上是可能的吗？我想为此使用SQL，但也许另一种语言更方便？任何提示都表示赞赏。
提前致谢
答案 0 :(得分：1)
如果我们为每个表添加了一个id并依赖于insert命令来表示某些东西（或者如果存在其他一些序数或类型要使用），那么你可以这样做：
更新为基于row_number（）的文件夹进行检查：
示例测试设置：http://rextester.com/VXZIP45848
create table a (
id int not null identity(1,1)
, one varchar(32)
, two varchar(32)
, three varchar(32))
insert into a values
('folder1','detail1','detail10')
,('folder1','detail2','detail20')
,('folder1','detail3','detail30')
,('folder1','detail 98','detail 198')
,('folder2','detail1','detail10')
,('folder2','detail2','detail20')
,('folder2','detail3','detail30')
,('folder1','detail99','detail 199')
,('folder3','detail1','detail10')
,('folder3','detail2','detail20')
,('folder3','detail3','detail30')
,('folder4','detail1','detail10')
,('folder4','detail2','detail20')
,('folder4','detail3','detail30');
create table b (
id int not null identity(1,1)
, one varchar(32)
, two varchar(32)
, three varchar(32))
insert into b values
('folder1','detail3','detail30')
,('folder1','detail2','detail20')
,('folder1','detail1','detail10')
,('folder2','detail1','detail10')
,('folder2','detail2','detail20')
,('folder2','detail3','detail30')
,('folder3','detail1','detail10')
,('folder3','detail3','detail30')
,('folder3','detail2','detail20')
,('folder4','detail1','detail10')
,('folder4','detail3','detail30')
,('folder5','detail5','detail50');
/* show all a and all b when matched and when not */
select a.*, b.*, diff=case
when a.rn=b.rn then ''
when a.id is null then 'not in a'
when b.id is null then 'not in b'
when a.rn!=b.rn then 'switched'
else '?'
end
from (select * ,rn = row_number() over (partition by one order by id)
from a) as a
full outer join
(select * ,rn = row_number() over (partition by one order by id)
from b) as b
on a.one=b.one
and a.two=b.two
and a.three=b.three
结果：
+------+---------+-----------+------------+------+------+---------+---------+----------+------+----------+
| id | one | two | three | rn | id | one | two | three | rn | diff |
+------+---------+-----------+------------+------+------+---------+---------+----------+------+----------+
| 1 | folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | 3 | folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | 3 | switched |
| 2 | folder1 | detail2 | detail20 | 2 | 2 | folder1 | detail2 | detail20 | 2 | |
| 3 | folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | 3 | 1 | folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | 1 | switched |
| 4 | folder1 | detail 98 | detail 198 | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | not in b |
| 8 | folder1 | detail99 | detail 199 | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | not in b |
| 5 | folder2 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | 4 | folder2 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | |
| 6 | folder2 | detail2 | detail20 | 2 | 5 | folder2 | detail2 | detail20 | 2 | |
| 7 | folder2 | detail3 | detail30 | 3 | 6 | folder2 | detail3 | detail30 | 3 | |
| 9 | folder3 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | 7 | folder3 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | |
| 10 | folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | 2 | 9 | folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | 3 | switched |
| 11 | folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | 3 | 8 | folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | 2 | switched |
| 12 | folder4 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | 10 | folder4 | detail1 | detail10 | 1 | |
| 13 | folder4 | detail2 | detail20 | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | not in b |
| 14 | folder4 | detail3 | detail30 | 3 | 11 | folder4 | detail3 | detail30 | 2 | switched |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 12 | folder5 | detail5 | detail50 | 1 | not in a |
+------+---------+-----------+------------+------+------+---------+---------+----------+------+----------+
由于没有序数或排序，在这种情况下找不到“切换”的情况。
示例测试设置：http://rextester.com/YEIAN6814
/* since there is no ordinal or sort,
finding cases of 'switching' aren't possible in this case. */
create table a (one varchar(32), two varchar(32), three varchar(32))
insert into a values
('folder1','detail1','detail10')
,('folder1','detail2','detail20')
,('folder1','detail3','detail30')
,('folder2','detail1','detail10')
,('folder2','detail2','detail20')
,('folder2','detail3','detail30')
,('folder3','detail1','detail10')
,('folder3','detail2','detail20')
,('folder3','detail3','detail30')
,('folder4','detail1','detail10')
,('folder4','detail2','detail20')
,('folder4','detail3','detail30');
create table b (one varchar(32), two varchar(32), three varchar(32))
insert into b values
('folder1','detail3','detail30')
,('folder1','detail2','detail20')
,('folder1','detail1','detail10')
,('folder2','detail1','detail10')
,('folder2','detail2','detail20')
,('folder2','detail3','detail30')
,('folder3','detail1','detail10')
,('folder3','detail3','detail30')
,('folder3','detail2','detail20')
,('folder4','detail1','detail10')
,('folder4','detail3','detail30')
,('folder5','detail5','detail50'); /* added this value for example*/
完全外部加入：在匹配或不匹配时显示所有a和所有b
/* show all a and all b when matched and when not */
select a.*, b.*
, diff=case
when a.one is null then 'not in a'
when b.one is null then 'not in b'
else ''
end
from a
full outer join b on a.one =b.one
and isnull(a.two,'') =isnull(b.two,'')
and isnull(a.three,'')=isnull(b.three,'')
--and (a.two =b.two or (a.two is null and b.two is null))
--and (a.three=b.three or (a.three is null and b.three is null))
+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
| one | two | three | one | two | three | diff |
+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
| folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | |
| folder1 | detail2 | detail20 | folder1 | detail2 | detail20 | |
| folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | |
| folder2 | detail1 | detail10 | folder2 | detail1 | detail10 | |
| folder2 | detail2 | detail20 | folder2 | detail2 | detail20 | |
| folder2 | detail3 | detail30 | folder2 | detail3 | detail30 | |
| folder3 | detail1 | detail10 | folder3 | detail1 | detail10 | |
| folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | |
| folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | |
| folder4 | detail1 | detail10 | folder4 | detail1 | detail10 | |
| folder4 | detail2 | detail20 | NULL | NULL | NULL | not in b |
| folder4 | detail3 | detail30 | folder4 | detail3 | detail30 | |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | folder5 | detail5 | detail50 | not in a |
+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------+----------+----------+
左连接：匹配时所有a，b
/* show all a, b matches */
select a.*, b.*
from a
left join b on a.one =b.one
and isnull(a.two,'') =isnull(b.two,'')
and isnull(a.three,'')=isnull(b.three,'')
--and (a.two =b.two or (a.two is null and b.two is null))
--and (a.three=b.three or (a.three is null and b.three is null))
+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------+----------+
| one | two | three | one | two | three |
+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------+----------+
| folder1 | detail1 | detail10 | folder1 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder1 | detail2 | detail20 | folder1 | detail2 | detail20 |
| folder1 | detail3 | detail30 | folder1 | detail3 | detail30 |
| folder2 | detail1 | detail10 | folder2 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder2 | detail2 | detail20 | folder2 | detail2 | detail20 |
| folder2 | detail3 | detail30 | folder2 | detail3 | detail30 |
| folder3 | detail1 | detail10 | folder3 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder3 | detail2 | detail20 | folder3 | detail2 | detail20 |
| folder3 | detail3 | detail30 | folder3 | detail3 | detail30 |
| folder4 | detail1 | detail10 | folder4 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder4 | detail2 | detail20 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| folder4 | detail3 | detail30 | folder4 | detail3 | detail30 |
+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------+----------+
不存在（）：来自a的所有行都不在b
/* all in a that aren't in b */
select src='a not in b', *
from a
where not exists (
select 1
from b
where a.one=b.one
and isnull(a.two,'') =isnull(b.two,'')
and isnull(a.three,'')=isnull(b.three,'')
);
+------------+---------+---------+----------+
| src | one | two | three |
+------------+---------+---------+----------+
| a not in b | folder4 | detail2 | detail20 |
+------------+---------+---------+----------+
不存在（）：来自b的所有行都不在a
/* all in b that aren't in a */
select src='b not in a', *
from b
where not exists (
select 1
from a
where a.one=b.one
and isnull(a.two,'') =isnull(b.two,'')
and isnull(a.three,'')=isnull(b.three,'')
);
+------------+---------+---------+----------+
| src | one | two | three |
+------------+---------+---------+----------+
| b not in a | folder5 | detail5 | detail50 |
+------------+---------+---------+----------+
除了a中不在b
/* distinct values in a that aren't in b */
select * from a
except
select * from b;
+---------+---------+----------+
| one | two | three |
+---------+---------+----------+
| folder4 | detail2 | detail20 |
+---------+---------+----------+
相交：a中同样位于b
/* distinct values that are in a that are also in b */
select * from a
intersect
select * from b;
+---------+---------+----------+
| one | two | three |
+---------+---------+----------+
| folder1 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder1 | detail2 | detail20 |
| folder1 | detail3 | detail30 |
| folder2 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder2 | detail2 | detail20 |
| folder2 | detail3 | detail30 |
| folder3 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder3 | detail2 | detail20 |
| folder3 | detail3 | detail30 |
| folder4 | detail1 | detail10 |
| folder4 | detail3 | detail30 |
+---------+---------+----------+