ggplot2中的多个图表在某些图例中有对齐而其他图表没有

时间:2017-01-10 13:18:13

标签: r ggplot2

我使用了here指示的方法来对齐共享相同横坐标的图形。

但是当我的一些图表有一个传奇而其他图表没有传说时,我无法使它工作。

以下是一个例子:

library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(gridExtra)

x = seq(0, 10, length.out = 200)
y1 = sin(x)
y2 = cos(x)
y3 = sin(x) * cos(x)

df1 <- data.frame(x, y1, y2)
df1 <- melt(df1, id.vars = "x")

g1 <- ggplot(df1, aes(x, value, color = variable)) + geom_line()
print(g1)

df2 <- data.frame(x, y3)
g2 <- ggplot(df2, aes(x, y3)) + geom_line()
print(g2)

gA <- ggplotGrob(g1)
gB <- ggplotGrob(g2)
maxWidth <- grid::unit.pmax(gA$widths[2:3], gB$widths[2:3])
gA$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
gB$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
g <- arrangeGrob(gA, gB, ncol = 1)
grid::grid.newpage()
grid::grid.draw(g)

使用此代码,我得到以下结果:

enter image description here

我想要的是让x轴对齐,缺少的图例由空格填充。这可能吗?

修改

提出的最优雅的解决方案是Sandy Muspratt的解决方案。

我实现了它,它可以很好地处理两个图形。

然后我尝试了三个,具有不同的图例大小,它不再起作用了:

library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(gridExtra)

x = seq(0, 10, length.out = 200)
y1 = sin(x)
y2 = cos(x)
y3 = sin(x) * cos(x)
y4 = sin(2*x) * cos(2*x)

df1 <- data.frame(x, y1, y2)
df1 <- melt(df1, id.vars = "x")

g1 <- ggplot(df1, aes(x, value, color = variable)) + geom_line()
g1 <- g1 + theme_bw()
g1 <- g1 + theme(legend.key = element_blank())
g1 <- g1 + ggtitle("Graph 1", subtitle = "With legend")

df2 <- data.frame(x, y3)
g2 <- ggplot(df2, aes(x, y3)) + geom_line()
g2 <- g2 + theme_bw()
g2 <- g2 + theme(legend.key = element_blank())
g2 <- g2 + ggtitle("Graph 2", subtitle = "Without legend")

df3 <- data.frame(x, y3, y4)
df3 <- melt(df3, id.vars = "x")

g3 <- ggplot(df3, aes(x, value, color = variable)) + geom_line()
g3 <- g3 + theme_bw()
g3 <- g3 + theme(legend.key = element_blank())
g3 <- g3 + scale_color_discrete("This is indeed a very long title")
g3 <- g3 + ggtitle("Graph 3", subtitle = "With legend")

gA <- ggplotGrob(g1)
gB <- ggplotGrob(g2)
gC <- ggplotGrob(g3)

gB = gtable::gtable_add_cols(gB, sum(gC$widths[7:8]), 6)

maxWidth <- grid::unit.pmax(gA$widths[2:5], gB$widths[2:5], gC$widths[2:5])
gA$widths[2:5] <- maxWidth
gB$widths[2:5] <- maxWidth
gC$widths[2:5] <- maxWidth

g <- arrangeGrob(gA, gB, gC, ncol = 1)
grid::grid.newpage()
grid::grid.draw(g)

这导致下图: enter image description here

我在这里以及关于这个主题的其他问题中找到的答案的主要问题是人们使用向量myGrob$widths“玩”了很多而没有实际解释为什么他们这样做。我看到有人修改myGrob$widths[2:5]其他人myGrob$widths[2:3],我找不到任何文档来解释这些列是什么。

我的目标是创建一个通用函数,例如:

AlignPlots <- function(...) {
  # Retrieve the list of plots to align
  plots.list <- list(...)

  # Initialize the lists
  grobs.list <- list()
  widths.list <- list()

  # Collect the widths for each grob of each plot
  max.nb.grobs <- 0
  longest.grob <- NULL
  for (i in 1:length(plots.list)){
    if (i != length(plots.list)) {
      plots.list[[i]] <- plots.list[[i]] + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())
    }

    grobs.list[[i]] <- ggplotGrob(plots.list[[i]])
    current.grob.length <- length(grobs.list[[i]])
    if (current.grob.length > max.nb.grobs) {
      max.nb.grobs <- current.grob.length
      longest.grob <- grobs.list[[i]]
    }

    widths.list[[i]] <- grobs.list[[i]]$widths[2:5]
  }

  # Get the max width
  maxWidth <- do.call(grid::unit.pmax, widths.list)

  # Assign the max width to each grob
  for (i in 1:length(grobs.list)){
    if(length(grobs.list[[i]]) < max.nb.grobs) {
      grobs.list[[i]] <- gtable::gtable_add_cols(grobs.list[[i]],
                                                 sum(longest.grob$widths[7:8]),
                                                 6)
    }
    grobs.list[[i]]$widths[2:5] <- as.list(maxWidth)
  }

  # Generate the plot
  g <- do.call(arrangeGrob, c(grobs.list, ncol = 1))

  return(g)
}

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

扩展@ Axeman的答案,您可以使用cowplot完成所有这些操作,而无需直接使用draw_plot。基本上,您只需将图表分为两列 - 一个用于绘图本身,另一个用于图例 - 然后将它们放在一起。请注意,由于g2没有图例,因此我使用空的ggplot对象将该图例的位置保存在图例列中。

library(cowplot)

theme_set(theme_minimal())

plot_grid(
  plot_grid(
    g1 + theme(legend.position = "none")
    , g2
    , g3 + theme(legend.position = "none")
    , ncol = 1
    , align = "hv")
  , plot_grid(
    get_legend(g1)
    , ggplot()
    , get_legend(g3)
    , ncol =1)
  , rel_widths = c(7,3)
  )

给出

enter image description here

在我看来,这里的主要优点是能够根据需要为每个子图设置和跳过图例。

值得注意的是,如果所有图都有图例,plot_grid会为您处理对齐:

plot_grid(
  g1
  , g3
  , align = "hv"
  , ncol = 1
)

给出

enter image description here

只有g2中缺少的图例会导致问题。

因此,如果您向g2添加虚拟图例并隐藏其元素,则可以让plot_grid为您执行所有对齐操作,而不必担心手动调整rel_widths如果你改变输出的大小

plot_grid(
  g1
  , g2 + 
      geom_line(aes(color = "Test")) +
      scale_color_manual(values = NA) +
      theme(legend.text = element_blank()
            , legend.title = element_blank())
  , g3
  , align = "hv"
  , ncol = 1
)

给出

enter image description here

这也意味着您可以轻松拥有多个列,但仍保持绘图区域相同。只需从上方删除, ncol = 1即可生成包含2列的图,但仍然正确间隔(尽管您需要调整宽高比以使其可用):

enter image description here

正如@baptiste建议的那样,你也可以移动图例,使它们全部与图中“图例”部分的左边对齐,方法是将theme(legend.justification = "left")添加到带有图例的图中(或者theme_set全局设置),如下所示:

plot_grid(
  g1 +
    theme(legend.justification = "left")
  , 
  g2 + 
    geom_line(aes(color = "Test")) +
    scale_color_manual(values = NA) +
    theme(legend.text = element_blank()
          , legend.title = element_blank())
  , g3 +
    theme(legend.justification = "left")
  , align = "hv"
  , ncol = 1
)

给出

enter image description here

答案 1 :(得分:11)

现在可能有更简单的方法来做到这一点,但你的代码并没有太大的错误。

确保gA中第2列和第3列的宽​​度与gB中的宽度相同后,请检查两个gtables的宽度:gA$widthsgB$widths。您会注意到gA gtable在gB gtable中没有两个额外的列,即宽度7和8.使用gtable函数gtable_add_cols()将列添加到gB gtable:

gB = gtable::gtable_add_cols(gB, sum(gA$widths[7:8]), 6)

然后继续arrangeGrob() ....

编辑:有关更一般的解决方案

egg(在github上提供)是实验性的,非常脆弱,但与你修改过的一组图很好地配合。

# install.package(devtools)
devtools::install_github("baptiste/egg")

library(egg)
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(ggarrange(g1,g2,g3, ncol = 1))

enter image description here

答案 2 :(得分:6)

感谢thisthat,在评论中发布(然后删除),我提出了以下一般解决方案。

我喜欢Sandy Muspratt的答案,鸡蛋包装似乎以非常优雅的方式完成工作,但由于它是“实验性和脆弱性”,我更喜欢使用这种方法:

#' Vertically align a list of plots.
#' 
#' This function aligns the given list of plots so that the x axis are aligned.
#' It assumes that the graphs share the same range of x data.
#'
#' @param ... The list of plots to align.
#' @param globalTitle The title to assign to the newly created graph.
#' @param keepTitles TRUE if you want to keep the titles of each individual
#' plot.
#' @param keepXAxisLegends TRUE if you want to keep the x axis labels of each
#' individual plot. Otherwise, they are all removed except the one of the graph
#' at the bottom.
#' @param nb.columns The number of columns of the generated graph.
#'
#' @return The gtable containing the aligned plots.
#' @examples
#' g <- VAlignPlots(g1, g2, g3, globalTitle = "Alignment test")
#' grid::grid.newpage()
#' grid::grid.draw(g)
VAlignPlots <- function(...,
                       globalTitle = "",
                       keepTitles = FALSE,
                       keepXAxisLegends = FALSE,
                       nb.columns = 1) {
  # Retrieve the list of plots to align
  plots.list <- list(...)

  # Remove the individual graph titles if requested
  if (!keepTitles) {
    plots.list <- lapply(plots.list, function(x) x <- x + ggtitle(""))
    plots.list[[1]] <- plots.list[[1]] + ggtitle(globalTitle)
  }

  # Remove the x axis labels on all graphs, except the last one, if requested
  if (!keepXAxisLegends) {
    plots.list[1:(length(plots.list)-1)] <-
      lapply(plots.list[1:(length(plots.list)-1)],
             function(x) x <- x + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank()))
  }

  # Builds the grobs list
  grobs.list <- lapply(plots.list, ggplotGrob)

  # Get the max width
  widths.list <- do.call(grid::unit.pmax, lapply(grobs.list, "[[", 'widths'))

  # Assign the max width to all grobs
  grobs.list <- lapply(grobs.list, function(x) {
    x[['widths']] = widths.list
    x})

  # Create the gtable and display it
  g <- grid.arrange(grobs = grobs.list, ncol = nb.columns)
  # An alternative is to use arrangeGrob that will create the table without
  # displaying it
  #g <- do.call(arrangeGrob, c(grobs.list, ncol = nb.columns))

  return(g)
}

答案 3 :(得分:5)

一个技巧是在没有任何图例的情况下绘制和对齐图形,然后在它旁边单独绘制图例。 cowplot具有便捷功能,可以快速从绘图中获取图例,plot_grid允许自动对齐。

library(cowplot)
theme_set(theme_grey())

l <- get_legend(g1)
ggdraw() +
  draw_plot(plot_grid(g1 + theme(legend.position = 'none'), g2, ncol = 1, align = 'hv'),
            width = 0.9) +
  draw_plot(l, x = 0.9, y = 0.55, width = 0.1, height = 0.5)

enter image description here

答案 4 :(得分:4)

Thomas Lin Pedersen撰写的patchwork软件包自动完成了这一切:

##devtools::install_github("thomasp85/patchwork")
library(patchwork)
g1 + g2 + plot_layout(ncol = 1)

很难比这更容易。

enter image description here

答案 5 :(得分:1)

使用grid.arrange

library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(gridExtra)

x = seq(0, 10, length.out = 200)
y1 = sin(x)
y2 = cos(x)
y3 = sin(x) * cos(x)
df1 <- data.frame(x, y1, y2)
df1 <- melt(df1, id.vars = "x")
g1 <- ggplot(df1, aes(x, value, color = variable)) + geom_line()
df2 <- data.frame(x, y3)
g2 <- ggplot(df2, aes(x, y3)) + geom_line()

#extract the legend from the first graph
temp <- ggplotGrob(g1)
leg_index <- which(sapply(temp$grobs, function(x) x$name) == "guide-box")
legend <- temp$grobs[[leg_index]]

#remove the legend of the first graph
g1 <- g1 + theme(legend.position="none")

#define position of each grobs/plots and width and height ratio
grid_layout <- rbind(c(1,3),
                    c(2,NA))
grid_width <- c(5,1)
grid_heigth <- c(1,1)


grid.arrange(
  grobs=list(g1, g2,legend),
  layout_matrix = grid_layout,
  widths = grid_width,
  heights = grid_heigth)